17 research outputs found
Meemesilase ja biofungitsiidi Prestop Mix kasutamine aedmaasika hahkhallituse tÔrjes
The study was conducted in 2010 in five experimental areas of Tartu County. Honey bee hives were placed at the edge of strawberry fields at first bloom; each hive had a special dispenser attached containing the biofungicide Prestop Mix, which is a preparation of the parasitic fungus Gliocladium catenulatum. As the bees exited the hive through the dispenser, they were dusted with the Prestop Mix preparation and carried it to the strawberry field. Two treatments were established: 1) a bee-excluded untreated check (covered with exclusion cages), and 2) a bee-delivered Prestop Mix treatment. We compared the bee-disseminated treatment with the untreated check by counting the healthy and Botrytis-infected berries; we also compared strawberry varieties. Our results show that treating the strawberry plants with the bee-dispersed Prestop Mix reduced the proportion of infected berries over 10% compared to the check. We also found that the efficiency of the treatment depended somewhat on the strawberry variety: the variety âSonataâ compared to âPolkaâ was slightly more efficient
Effect of Gliocladium catenulatum J1446 to the respiration rate of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris
The effect of Gliocladium catenulatum J1446 to the respiration rate of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris was investigated
Using honey bees to disseminate the biocontrol agent Gliocladium catenulatum J1446 to strawberries for Botrytis cinerea control
Using honey bees to disseminate the biocontrol agent Gliocladium catenulatum J1446 to strawberries for Botrytis cinerea control was investigated in this study
Entomovektortehnoloogia kasutamise efektiivsus hahkhallituse (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) bioloogilises tÔrjes aedmaasikal (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Hahkhallitus on aedmaasikal suuri saagikadusid pĂ”hjustav seenhaigus (DĂžving ja Mage, 2001; Williamson jt., 2007), mille tĂ”rjumine keemiliste taimekaitsevahenditega on mahetootjale keelatud. SeetĂ”ttu on tekkinud vajadus alternatiivsete taimekaitsemeetodite jĂ€rele, mis oleks loodust sÀÀstvamad ning sobiks ka kasutamiseks mahepĂ”llumajanduses. Ăheks selliseks alternatiiviks on entomovektortehnoloogia â biotĂ”rje meetod, kus pulbrilisi biopreparaate viivad taimeĂ”itele mesilaselaadsed putukad. Antud meetod sobib kasutamiseks Ă”isi kahjustavate taimehaiguste ja -kahjurite tĂ”rjel, kuna toitu (Ă”ietolmu, nektarit) otsides kannavad mesilased biopreparaadi tĂ€pselt aedmaasika Ă”itele â see vĂ”imaldab vĂ€hendada preparaadikulu ning sÀÀsta keskkonda. Mesitarude
lennuavadele kinnitatakse preparaadiga tĂ€idetud kastikesed ehk dispenserid, millest vĂ€lja lennates kleepub pulber töömesilaste kehakarvade ja jalgade kĂŒlge, kust edasi see kantakse kultuurtaimede Ă”itele. Kuna entomovektoritena kasutatavad mesilased teevad pĂ€eva jooksul mitmeid korjelende, kantakse biopreparaat ka alles Ă€sja avanenud Ă”itele (Mommaerts ja Smagghe, 2011). Antud taimekaitsemeetodi lisaboonuseks on tolmeldamine, mis tĂ”stab aedmaasika saagikust ning viljade kvaliteeti. Entomovektortehnoloogiat on edukalt testitud mitmetes riikides (Mommaerts ja Smagghe, 2011), kuid praktilises tootmises avamaal on seda kasutama hakatud seni vaid Soomes (Hokkanen ja Menzler-Hokkanen, 2009). Seega oleks antud biotĂ”rje meetodit vaja katsetada ka meie kohalikes tingimustes, kus muutlik kliima vĂ”ib mĂ”jutada hahkhallituse levikut. Meie eesmĂ€rgiks oli uurida kui efektiivne on meemesilase poolt levitatav biofungitsiid PrestopMix hahkhallituse tĂ”rjes aedmaasikal Eesti pĂ”llutingimustes
Entomovektortehnoloogiast tuleneva lisatolmeldamise ja hahkhallituse tĂ”rjumise efektiivsus aedmaasika sortidel âPolkaâ ja âSonataâ
Aedmaasikas on maailmas ĂŒks enam kasvatatavaid marjakultuure. Kuigi enamik aedmaasika Fragaria x ananassa sortidest on isetolmlemisvĂ”imelised, aitab risttolmlemine kaasa suuremate ja kĂ”rgema kvaliteediga viljade moodustumisele (Klatt jt., 2014). Puudulikult tolmeldatud Ă”itest arenenud viljad on sageli ebakorrapĂ€rase kujuga ja vĂ€iksemad. Lisaks on hĂ€sti tolmeldatud viljad ka paremini vĂ€rvunud, tugevama
viljalihaga ning sĂ€ilivad korjamisjĂ€rgselt kauem (Klatt jt., 2014). Aedmaasika pĂ”hiliseks kahjustajaks on hahkhallitus, Botrytis cinerea (Legard jt., 2000), mille tĂ”rjumisel on sĂŒnteetiliste preparaatide kĂ”rval osutunud efektiivseks ka mullaseen Gliocladium catenulatum. Selle seene eoseid ja hĂŒĂŒfitĂŒkke sisaldavat preparaati
PrestopMix vĂ”ib pritsida vesilahusena taimedele, kuid selle meetodi puhul satub palju preparaati taime lehtedele vĂ”i reavahedesse. Ăhena uudsetest meetoditest tegeletakse viimastel aastatel ĂŒle terve maailma entomovektortehnoloogia vĂ€lja töötamisega (Hokkanen
ja Menzler-Hokkanen, 2009; Reeh jt., 2014). Mesilaste kasutamisel siirdajate ehk vektoritena on preparaadi kulu vÀga vÀike, sest pulber kantakse otse Ôide, kus toimub
pÔhiline hahkhallitusse nakatumine (Legard jt., 2000). Lisaks toimivad mesilased samaaegselt ka tolmeldajatena.
Antud uurimistöö eesmÀrgiks oli vÀlja selgitada, kas ja kui suurt saagilisa annab lisatolmeldamine
aedmaasika sortidel âPolkaâ ja âSonataâ ning ĂŒhtlasi uurida bio-fungitsiidi PrestopMix efektiivsust hahkhallituse mahasurumisel entomovektortehnoloogia abil
Bees as entomovectors and the biological control agent Gliocladium catenulatum J1446
There is a need for more environmentally friendly plant protection methods, since the increasing use of agrochemicals has led to pesticide residues and resistance problems in the control of Botryrtis cinerea. An alternative to chemical spraying is to use bees as entomovectors to disperse biological control agents. Prestop Mix is a biofungicide that contains spores of the parasitic fungus Gliocladium catenulatum J1446, which has been successfully used in the control of B. cinerea. In 2010 we conducted a field experiment to study the efficiency of using bees in dispersing G. catenulatum in Estonian conditions. The study was carried out in two strawberry plantations of Tartu County, strawberry varieties were `Sonata` and `Polka`. Honey bee hives were placed at the edge of strawberry fields; to each hive we attached a dispenser containing the Prestop Mix preparation. Exiting the hive honey bees walked through the preparation powder and carried it onto the strawberry flowers. We compared the bee-disseminated biocontrol with untreated control, the control plots were covered with exclusion cages. The proportion of healthy and botrytis infected berries were evaluated. Our results show that treating strawberry plants with the bee-dispersed G. catenulatum significantly reduced the proportion of infected berries compared with the control; efficiency of the treatment also depended somewhat of the strawberry variety
Biopreparaatide mÔju kimalaste Bombus terrestris L. elueale
MahepÔllumajanduses on lubatud kasutada bakteritest, seentest ja viirustest valmistatud preparaate. PutukatÔrjevahendina on laiemas kasutuses mullabakter
Bacillus thuringiensis preparaat ning mullaseen Beauveria bassiana. Aedmaasika kasvatajatele on vÀlja töötatud preparaat Prestop Mix, mis sisaldab mullaseene
Gliocladium catenulatum Strain J1446 spoore ja mĂŒtseeli. See preparaat vĂ”itleb edukalt hahkhallituse vastu aedmaasikal ja aedvaarikal, samuti ka mitmetel köö-
giviljadel ja isegi ilutaimedel. Taimedele vÔi nende Ôitele kantavate preparaatidega puutuvad kokku ka paljud
kasulikud organismid, nÀiteks tolmeldajad. Prestop MixŽi kandmiseks aedmaasika ja -vaarika Ôitele kasutatakse pulbri levitajatena just mesilasi: kimalasi
vÔi meemesilasi. Tarude lennuava ette paigutatakse spetsiaalne karp preparaadi pulbriga, millega mesilased tarust vÀljudes kokku saavad. Nii kannavad nad nektarit
korjama minnes biotĂ”rjeagendi Ă”itele. Prestop MixÂŽi edasi kandvad kimalased saavad pulbriga sageli ĂŒleni kokku.
Pulbri materjal vÔib sulgeda putuka hingamisavad vÔi vÔib mÔni prepraadi lisaaine osutuda mesilastele kahjulikuks. SeepÀrast on antud uurimistöö eesmÀrgiks on vÀlja selgitada kas Prestop Mix mÔjutab kimalaste eluiga