7 research outputs found

    Pretratamientos en una etapa, multietapa y proceso "one-pot" de madera de pino y eucalipto, basados en el empleo de líquidos iónicos apróticos, próticos y bioderivados

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    La biomasa lignocelulósica y en concreto la madera, es una estructura tridimensional, no uniforme, que necesita emplear pretratamientos para romper los enlaces entre los compuestos quela constituyen. Los procesos de pretratamiento de biomasa lignocelulósica pueden suponer hasta un 40 % de los costes de procesamiento totales.Los líquidos iónicos son sales formadas por un catión, generalmente orgánico y un anión,cuyo punto de fusión es inferior a 100 °C. Su capacidad de solvatación, su naturaleza no volátil, su no inflamabilidad, su alta conductividad iónica, su reciclabilidad y su facilidad de diseño y síntesis atendiendo al uso que se les quiera dar, los convierte en una alternativa a los disolventes convencionales. En los últimos años se ha comprobado que algunos líquidos iónicos son capaces de romper la red de la biomasa lignocelulósica, reduciendo la cristalinidad de la celulosa, incrementando la accesibilidad y favoreciendo la posterior sacarificación enzimática. Sin embargo, existen todavía muchos estudios que deben llevarse a cabo en lo relativo a la recuperación del líquido iónico, la reducción de costes del proceso, la eliminación de etapas de lavado, la toxicidad y la actualización continua en base a las nuevas familias de líquidos iónicos que van surgiendo (líquidos iónicosbioderivados) o la aplicación de otras ya existentes (líquidos iónicos próticos)..

    Elaboración de recursos docentes para la enseñanza presencial y semipresencial en el área de la Ingeniería Química empleando Jupyter Notebook

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    El objetivo principal de este proyecto es la elaboración de recursos docentes, para estudiantes y profesores, dentro del área de la Ingeniería Química, utilizando el software libre Jupyter Notebook, empleado bajo el lenguaje de programación Python

    Fractionation of Pinus radiata by ethanol-based organosolv process

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    The lignocellulosic materials are promising feedstock to produce biofuels and bioproducts in the biorefnery framework. However, a pretreatment step is required to disrupt lignin-carbohydrate complex. In this work, the fractionation of Pinus radiata wood into its main components, cellulose-rich delignifed solid, recovered lignin after precipitation, and solublein-black liquor hemicellulose, was studied. For this purpose, an organosolv process employing ethanol/water mixture as solvent in absence of a catalyst was carried out. The efects of operating conditions on delignifed solid were evaluated by using a 23 central composite experimental design, being the responses delignifed solid yield, delignifcation degree, hemicellulose content, and glucan content. The variables studied were temperature (170–200 °C), time (50–100 min), and ethanol concentration (40–60%). The increase of organosolv severity (temperature and time) and reduction of ethanol concentration favor the glucan enrichment of delignifed solid, due to lignin removal and hemicellulose solubilization. A glucan content of more than 66% is obtained by applying temperature higher than 195 °C and time longer than 90 min, when 40 wt% alcohol concentration is used. The liquid fraction obtained during the organosolv process (black liquors) was used to recover lignin and hemicellulosic fractions solubilized. Furthermore, hemicellulose and lignin content of delignifed solid was correlated with the thermal stability measured as T10%

    Technoeconomic Assessment of a Biomass Pretreatment + Ionic Liquid Recovery Process with Aprotic and Choline Derived Ionic Liquids

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    Ionic liquids have shown promising results in biomass pretreatment; however, an extensive water washing step is necessary. This fact increases not only the processing costs but also those associated with the ionic liquid recovery step. In this work, Eucalyptus globulus wood pretreated with two acetate-based ionic liquids, namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and choline acetate, has been washed with increasing volumes of water in order to analyze the influence of the amount of washing water used on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis stage and on the IL recovery costs. Vapor−liquid equilibria data of recovered ionic liquid/water mixtures have been determined to simulate the IL recovery step with Aspen Plus, calculating the operating costs using the Aspen Plus Economics Analyzer afterward. [Emim][OAc] was more efficiently washed and more effective toward wood pretreatment than [Ch][OAc]. Both IL/water systems were successfully modeled, and simulation studies showed that incremental volumes of water led to higher operating costs in the IL recovery step that are compensated with less IL makeup costs. Therefore, this work offers a technoeconomical analysis of the IL recovery step in a real biorefinery pretreatment process as a function of the volume of water used in the pretreated wood washing stage
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