Evaluation towards stud bulls with different mixed genotypes relating to somatotropin cascade genes by origin

A preliminary evaluation towards a breeding value of the Holstein breeding bulls with different genotypes of somatotropin cascade genes is presented: pituitary transcription factor or growth hormone factor (PIT1), prolactin (PRL), somatotropin (GH), somatotropin releasing hormone (GHRH), insulin-like (IGF-1) in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research studies the signs (indices) of milk productivity (milk yield and fat in milk) of the closest female ancestors of bulls with different genotypes of somatotropin cascade genes. Studies and analysis have shown that the bulls with the mixed genotypes ABAALLBBAA (10269 kg), AAAALLBBAB (4.13 %) and BBAALLABBB (9402 kg and 4.06 %) had the highest and optimum evaluation by origin, judging by the bulls’ pedigree (geneological) index. The frequency to meet bulls with the desired mixed genotypes was low and amounted to 4.28–5.71 %

Milk productivity of black-and-white and Kholmogory cows with different genotypes of kappa-casein

The influence of genotypes for kappa-casein gene on the main indicators of milk productivity in the 1st and 3rd lactation in black-and-white and Kholmogory cows was studied. The genotyping of cows for the CSN3 gene was carried out by the method of DNA diagnostics. Cows of the black-and-white breed with genotype CSN3 BB surpass the group with genotype CSN3 AA and CSN3 AB in the 1st lactation in milk yield by 166-218 and in milk fat yield by 4.9-8.7 kg; for the 3rd lactation 188-298 kg and 7.7-10.2 kg, respectively. At the same time the difference is significant in terms of the mass fraction of protein in milk by 0.06-0.15% (Р<0.05-0.001) and 0.11-0.15% (Р<0.001) and in the yield of milk protein (Р<0.05) 8.3-14.2 kg and 14.8-16.1 kg (P<0.05). Kholmogory cows have a similar advantage for cattle with genotypes CSN3 AA and CSN3 AB in terms of milk productivity with a significant excess in the mass fraction of protein in milk for the 1st lactation by 0.07-0.14% (Р<0.05-0.001), for the 3rd lactation by 0.08-0.11% (Р<0.05-0.001). Consequently, the black-and-white and Kholmogory breeds have approximately the same level of superiority of cows homozygous for B allele CSN3 over their herdmates

Relationship of cow behavioral performance with milk productivity in the conditions of robotic milking

Research has been conducted to study the cow’s behavioral acts of the Tatarstan type of Kholmogory breed and their relationship with milk productivity in the robotic milking system. It was found that cows spend 706.7 minutes, or 49.1 % of the daily time, in the lying position, and 733.3 minutes, or 50.1 %, in the standing position. Animals spend 283.7 minutes (19.7 % of the daily time) on taking food, 497.3 minutes (34.5 %) on rumination, of which 150 minutes (10.4 %) – standing, 347.3 (24.1) – lying down. 232.3 minutes (16.1 %) of the time the cows stood in one place and were inactive. The movement took 42.7 minutes or 3 % of the daily time. After dividing the cows into 3 groups by productivity was found that highly productive animals were milked 1.9 times more compared to low-productivity animals (4.7 versus 2.7 times). They also spent more time standing (34.5 %), consumed more food (21.0 %), and chewed less cud (13.9 %). Animals assigned to the active and ultra-active groups by the motor activity index outperformed animals of the infro-passive and passive groups by 26.9 % in daily milking

Lactive activities and the process of milking of first-calf cows using robotic milking

Studies have been conducted to assess the lactation productivity of first-calf cows of Kholmogory breed of Tatarstan type using robotic milking systems. The following changes in the amount of milking over the course of 10 months of lactation were observed: during the first month, the cows were milked the least number of times, which was 75, or 2.4 times per day. During the second month, they were milked 86 times (2.8 per day). By the 4th month, milking reached a peak of 93 times (3 per day). By the 5th month, a decline was observed (by 11 % compared to the 4th month). The average number of milking times per day was 2.8 ± 0.05 times. The amount of milking is closely correlated with milk productivity: twicemilked cows had an average productivity of 15.3 kg, 3 times – 19.0 kg, and 4 times – 27.0 kg (r = 0.69). The milking robot spent approximately 108 seconds, or 29 % of the time spent in the milking box, on preparation activities, including: udder cleaning, 39 seconds; scanning the position of the utter, 21 seconds; and connecting milking cups, 48 seconds. Lactation took most of the time, namely 251 seconds, or 66 %. The peak milk production takes place during the second month of lactation, 681.3 kg. By the third month, a decline was observed by 4.8 %, to 648.1 kg. The maximum decrease in milk production by 12.4 % occurred between the 5th and 6th month of the tested lactation period

Sanitary assessment and technological indicators of goat milk

Milk and dairy products are indispensable for the full development and functioning of the body. In recent years, the demand for goat’s milk has increased. It has long been considered a source of health, especially in relation to people suffering from allergic diseases (including cow milk protein), with metabolic disorders, digestive disorders, etc. That is why the problem of obtaining high-quality goat milk is relevant and practically significant. Over the past few decades, interest has grown in a variety of biologically active substances of natural origin for their use as components of the diet of farm animals. Unlike antibiotics, growth stimulants and other synthetic drugs, phytogenics can be used in healthy animals for most of the productive period, providing a positive result in terms of quantity and quality of products. Based on this, we studied for the first time the effect of the plant product of stevia processing on the veterinary and sanitary indicators of goat milk. An experimental group of goats received stevia pulp together with the main diet. During the experiment, we found positive dynamics associated with the productivity of the goats of the experimental group. The use of an experimental feed composition provided positive dynamics in terms of the main indicators characterizing the technological value of milk. Thus, based on the data obtained, it should be concluded that the use of stevia pulp in combination with the basic diet provides positive dynamics for technologically significant indicators of goat milk, as well as increases the productivity of animals and ensures the production of products with high veterinary and sanitary characteristics