12 research outputs found
Repeated lysergic acid diethylamide in an animal model of depression: Normalisation of learning behaviour and hippocampal serotonin 5-HT 2
Increased hyphal branching and growth of ectomycorrhizal fungus Lactarius rufus by the helper bacterium Paenibacillus sp
Paenibacillus sp. EJP73 has been previously demonstrated as a mycorrhization helper bacterium (MHB) for the Lactarius rufus-Pinus sylvestris symbiosis in both laboratory and glasshouse experiments. In the present study, the effect of Paenibacillus sp. EJP73 metabolites on L. rufus EO3 pre-symbiotic growth was tested in two agar plate-based systems. Specifically, volatile metabolites were investigated using a dual plate system, in which the presence of strain EJP73 resulted in a significant negative effect on L. rufus EO3 hyphal radial growth but enhanced hyphal branching and reduced internode distance. Soluble metabolites produced by strain EJP73 were tested on L. rufus EO3 growth in single-agar plate assays by incorporating bacterial cell-free whole or molecular weight fraction spent broth into the agar. Whole spent broth had a negative effect on hyphal growth, whereas a low molecular weight fraction (100-1,000) promoted colony radial growth. Headspace and spent broth analysis of strain EJP73 cultures revealed 2,5-diisopropylpyrazine to be the most significant component. Synthesised 2,5-diisopropylpyrazine and elevated CO2 (2,000 ppm) were tested as specific volatile metabolites in the dual plate system, but neither produced the response shown when strain EJP73 was present. Increased pre-symbiotic hyphal branching leading to increased likelihood of plant infection may be an important MHB mechanism for strain EJP73. Although the precise signal molecules could not be identified, the work suggests a number of metabolites may work synergistically to increase L. rufus root colonisation
Weak phantasy and visionary phantasy: the phenomenological significance of altered states of consciousness
Effects of Maternal Ethanol Consumption on the Subsequent Development of Immunity to Trichinella spiralis in Rat Neonates
Pairwise Transcriptomic Analysis of the Interactions Between the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N and Three Beneficial, Neutral and Antagonistic Soil Bacteria
Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of ayahuasca: a systematic literature review of animal and human studies
The rhizosphere: Molecular interactions between microorganisms and roots.
The rhizosphere has a large impact on plant performance in several ways. A stand-specific, more or less high diversity of microorganisms not only supports the plant in the acquisition of water and nutrients, but also modulates its ability to cope with pathogens. This diversity, however, has to be maintained and thus causes a considerable drain of photoassimilates, which are then not available for shoot development. In this chapter, we try to explain why the considerable allocation of carbon to the root system is a “wise” decision by the plant. We thus focus on the function of root-associated bacteria and their relevance for plant growth and development of disease resistance, and deliver data on the molecular basis of the root–fungus symbiosis (mycorrhiza)