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Not AvailableStem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) resistance in groundnut genotypes was due to activities of defense enzymes such as, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Bio-agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from groundnut rhizosphere enhances the activities of defense enzymes through salicylic acid induced systemic resistance. In resistant genotypes (NRCGCS-19 and NRCGCS-319) higher activities of defense enzymes were recorded constitutively while in susceptible genotypes it was increased after bio-agent treatment. The activities of pathogenesis related-proteins viz., polygalacturonase and chitinase were registered in plants inoculated with S. rolfsii. Enzymes, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and chitinase showed strong negative correlation with disease severity index. However, the activity of polygalacturonase was directly related to disease severity index and inversely related to activity of chitinase. Hence, to obtain required levels of crop protection against S. rolfsii one has to grow either resistant genotypes or bio-agent treated susceptible genotypes.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLeaf blight and wilt have been observed since 2012 on peanut crops in western provinces of Rajasthan state of India, with the highest incidence of 52% at Asarlai. Leaves had water-soaking, then developed chlorosis at the tip and margins, and became brown and blighted. Later, stems became flaccid and wilted. The disease affected plants in patches and reappeared in the same areas in subsequent years. Isolates were shown to be pathogenic on peanut cultivar Girnar 2. Based on morphological and molecular characterization, the pathogen associated with leaf blight and wilt of peanut was identified as Fusarium incarnatum, the first confirmed report of F. incarnatum as pathogenic on peanut. Further, sequence analysis of TEF-1a gene, part of rpb2 gene and rDNA-ITS region of six representative isolates from peanut in areas where the disease prevails, and a search of the Fusarium-ID database showed > 98% nucleotide similarity with the Fusarium incarnatum–F. equiseti species complex (FIESC) and presence of at least two Fusarium multilocus sequence types (MLSTs). However, difficulties were observed in differentiation of species in FIESC due to indistinguishable pathogenicity and morphological characters of Jodhpur and Bikaner isolates.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSclerotium rolfsii Sacc. (telomorph: Athelia rolfsii Tuand Kimbrough) is a necrotrophic soil-borne fungal pathogen that infects about 500 plant species including groundnut (Aycock 1966; Punja 1988). It causes stem and pod rot, a serious disease in groundnut and upto 30 percent yield losses were recorded in farmers field (Anonymous 2012). It is also called as Sclerotium blight, Sclerotium wilt, Southern blight, Southern stem blight, Southern stem rot, white mold and Sclerotium stem rot. The incidence of stem rot is increasing year by year due to wide host range of the pathogen and survival of sclerotia of the pathogen for several years in soil (Punja 1985).Not Availabl

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