Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Is Noninferior to Continuing Dolutegravir- and Non-Dolutegravir-Based Triple-Drug Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus:DUALING Prospective Nationwide Matched Cohort Study

Background. Confirming the efficacy of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice solidifies recommendations on its use. Methods. Prospective cohort study (DUALING) in 24 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment centers in the Netherlands. HIV RNA–suppressed cases were on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens without prior virological failure or resistance and started dolutegravir/lamivudine. Cases were 1:2 matched to controls on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens by the use of dolutegravir-based regimens, age, sex, transmission route, CD4+ T-cell nadir, and HIV RNA zenith. The primary endpoint was the treatment failure rate in cases versus controls at 1 year by intention-to-treat and on-treatment analyses with 5% noninferiority margin. Results. The 2040 participants were 680 cases and 1380 controls. Treatment failure in the 390 dolutegravir-based cases versus controls occurred in 8.72% and 12.50% (difference: −3.78% [95% confidence interval {CI}, −7.49% to .08%]) by intention-to-treat and 1.39% and 0.80% (difference: 0.59% [95% CI, –.80% to 1.98%]) by on-treatment analyses. The treatment failure risk in 290 non-dolutegravir-based cases was also noninferior to controls. Antiretroviral regimen modifications unrelated to virological failure explained the higher treatment failure rate by intention-to-treat. A shorter time on triple-drug antiretroviral therapy and being of non-Western origin was associated with treatment failure. Treatment failure, defined as 2 consecutive HIV RNA &gt;50 copies/mL, occurred in 4 cases and 5 controls but without genotypic resistance detected. Viral blips occured comparable in cases and controls but cases gained more weight, especially when tenofovir-based regimens were discontinued. Conclusions. In routine care, dolutegravir/lamivudine was noninferior to continuing triple-drug antiretroviral regimens after 1 year, supporting the use of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice.</p

Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Is Noninferior to Continuing Dolutegravir- and Non-Dolutegravir-Based Triple-Drug Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus:DUALING Prospective Nationwide Matched Cohort Study

Background. Confirming the efficacy of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice solidifies recommendations on its use. Methods. Prospective cohort study (DUALING) in 24 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment centers in the Netherlands. HIV RNA–suppressed cases were on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens without prior virological failure or resistance and started dolutegravir/lamivudine. Cases were 1:2 matched to controls on triple-drug antiretroviral regimens by the use of dolutegravir-based regimens, age, sex, transmission route, CD4+ T-cell nadir, and HIV RNA zenith. The primary endpoint was the treatment failure rate in cases versus controls at 1 year by intention-to-treat and on-treatment analyses with 5% noninferiority margin. Results. The 2040 participants were 680 cases and 1380 controls. Treatment failure in the 390 dolutegravir-based cases versus controls occurred in 8.72% and 12.50% (difference: −3.78% [95% confidence interval {CI}, −7.49% to .08%]) by intention-to-treat and 1.39% and 0.80% (difference: 0.59% [95% CI, –.80% to 1.98%]) by on-treatment analyses. The treatment failure risk in 290 non-dolutegravir-based cases was also noninferior to controls. Antiretroviral regimen modifications unrelated to virological failure explained the higher treatment failure rate by intention-to-treat. A shorter time on triple-drug antiretroviral therapy and being of non-Western origin was associated with treatment failure. Treatment failure, defined as 2 consecutive HIV RNA &gt;50 copies/mL, occurred in 4 cases and 5 controls but without genotypic resistance detected. Viral blips occured comparable in cases and controls but cases gained more weight, especially when tenofovir-based regimens were discontinued. Conclusions. In routine care, dolutegravir/lamivudine was noninferior to continuing triple-drug antiretroviral regimens after 1 year, supporting the use of dolutegravir/lamivudine in clinical practice.</p

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV+ men

In this thesis we investigated several aspects of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) in HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). This condition has gained clinical interest because of the impressive increase of the anal cancer incidence in HIV+ MSM since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).1 The incidence of anal cancer among HIV+ MSM is now much higher than the incidence of cervical cancer in HIV- negative women before standard cytological screening was introduced, and given the similarities between anal and cervical cancer, screening for and treatment of AIN to prevent anal cancer is presently subject of debate

Biosourcing and organic catalysis: Toward a possible synergy for the development of polymer materials

peer reviewedSi le design de nouveaux monomères et matériaux biosourcés issus d’une chimie « verte » repose clairement sur une approche synergique positionnant la catalyse organique comme enjeu spécifique, le manque d’investissement industriel, malheureusement constaté, réside sur l’idée préconçue que ces voies de synthèse sont moins efficientes et économiquement moins compétitives que celles de la pétrochimie ou de la catalyse métallique. Cet article expose les opportunités stratégiques et les avantages certains des deux piliers scientifiques que sont le développement d’outils catalytiques performants et la substitution maitrisée de certains intrants fossiles dans les schémas de production à partir de ressources renouvelables. Trois grands axes sont présentés : la synthèse de monomères biosourcés, l’exploitation du CO2 et l’amélioration de la production de PLA par polymérisation organocatalysé

Dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in water by lignin

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be stably dispersed in water with small amount of lignin. One-step dispersion in the 20.0 g/L concentration range is achieved at room temperature with excellent electrical properties of MWCNT. Lignin is depicted to act as an anti-static agent

Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus:A Retrospective Analysis From the ATHENA Cohort

Background: The implications of bariatric surgery (BS) on virologic and metabolic outcomes in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are unknown. Methods: Here, we report a retrospective analysis up to 18 months post-BS in PWH from the AIDS Therapy evaluation in The Netherlands (ATHENA) cohort with data from all dutch HIV treating Centers. Primary end points were a confirmed virologic failure (2 consecutive HIV-RNA measurements &gt;200 copies/mL) and the percentage of patients who achieved &gt;20% total body weight loss up to 18 months post-BS. Switches from baseline ART and trough plasma concentrations of antiretrovirals were also reported post-BS. Metabolic parameters and medication usage were compared pre- and post-BS. Results: Fifty-one patients were included. One case of confirmed virologic failure and 3 cases with viral blips were detected in this cohort up to 18 months post-BS. Eighty-five percent of patients achieved &gt;20% total body weight loss at 18 months post-BS, with a mean difference from baseline (95% confidence interval) of -33.5% (-37.7% to -29.3%). Trough plasma concentrations of measured antiretroviral agents were all above minimum effective concentrations, except for 1 sample of darunavir. Lipid profiles, but not serum creatinine and blood pressure, improved significantly (P &lt;. 01) post-BS. Total medications and obesity-related comedications declined from 203 to 103 and from 62 to 25, respectively, at 18 months post-BS. Conclusions: BS was an effective intervention for weight loss and lipid control in PWH using ART in this cohort with no clear link to poor virologic outcomes.</p

Corn stover as feedstock for the production of ethanol: chemical composition of different anatomical fractions and varieties

The available grain corn stover produced in Belgium is estimated at 290 000 dry tons, a suffi cient amount to supply a biorefi nery. Differences regarding size, prematurity, and drying speed have been observed among the cultivated grain corn varieties in Wallonia (Belgium). This study aims to evaluate the variation in composition of different anatomical fractions (stalks, leaves, cobs, and husks) of three Walloon varieties of grain corn stover (SyMultitop, Padrino, and Alduna) with significant production volumes. In addition, the Padrino variety was assessed for variation in chemical composition at three harvesting times. Walloon grain corn stover contains large amounts of polysaccharides (33.4% to 41.3% of glucans and 13.9% to 28.2% of xylans) and lignin (10.4% to 15.3%). Some différences were noted between varieties and anatomical fractions. Depending on how the feedstock is harvested, it is possible to produce between 79 and 81 M liters of ethanol per year without adversely affecting soil sustainability.Dexplima

Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of L-cysteine glucosyl esters in organic media

New sugar amino acids were synthesized by enzymatic esterification of D -glucose with L -cysteine using immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica in a mixed solvent system composed of 2-methyl-2-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Addition of small quantities of water to the medium improved the glucose conversion yield by a factor of two