Upshot of heterogeneous catalysis in a nanofluid flow over a rotating disk with slip effects and Entropy optimization analysis

The present study examines homogeneous (HOM)–heterogeneous (HET) reaction in magnetohydrodynamic flow through a porous media on the surface of a rotating disk. Preceding investigations mainly concentrated on the catalysis for the rotating disk; we modeled the impact of HET catalysis in a permeable media over a rotating disk with slip condition at the boundary. The HOM reaction is followed by isothermal cubic autocatalysis, however, the HET reactions occur on the surface governed by first-order kinetics. Additionally, entropy minimization analysis is also conducted for the envisioned mathematical model. The similarity transformations are employed to convert the envisaged model into a non-dimensional form. The system of the modeled problem with ordinary differential equations is analyzed numerically by using MATLAB built-in bvp4c function. The behavior of the emerging parameters versus the thermal, concentration, and velocity distributions are depicted graphically with requisite discussion abiding the thumb rules. It is learned that the rate of the surface catalyzed reaction is strengthened if the interfacial area of the permeable media is enhanced. Thus, a spongy medium can significantly curtail the reaction time. It is also noticed that the amplitude of velocity and thermal profile is maximum for the smallest value of the velocity slip parameter. Heat transfer rate declines for thermophoresis and the Brownian motion parameter with respect to the thermal slip parameter. The cogency of the developed model is also validated by making a comparison of the existing results with a published article under some constraints. Excellent harmony between the two results is noted

Impact of Internal Forces on Employee Behaviors: Role of Situational Factors

The current research investigated the effects of motivation, ability, and role perception (internal forces), also known as drivers on employee behaviors as well as to find out the moderating role of situational factors between drivers and employee behaviors. Data were collected from 800 in-service employees across various organizations and industries in Gujranwala using a convenience sampling technique.  Work-related behaviors assessment battery was used to collect data from individuals which consists of 7 scales. Each scale consists of 10 items and the response rate varies from 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree. Analysis indicates that motivation, ability, and role perception have a significant effect on employee behaviors. Moderation analysis results indicate that situational factors significantly moderate the relationship between drivers and behaviors. The current research sheds light on the significance of behaviors depending upon the four driving forces that need to be changed, or modified in regards to an increase in organizational performance

Impact of Internal Forces on Employee Behaviors: Role of Situational Factors

The current research investigated the effects of motivation, ability, and role perception (internal forces), also known as drivers on employee behaviors as well as to find out the moderating role of situational factors between drivers and employee behaviors. Data were collected from 800 in-service employees across various organizations and industries in Gujranwala using a convenience sampling technique.  Work-related behaviors assessment battery was used to collect data from individuals which consists of 7 scales. Each scale consists of 10 items and the response rate varies from 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree. Analysis indicates that motivation, ability, and role perception have a significant effect on employee behaviors. Moderation analysis results indicate that situational factors significantly moderate the relationship between drivers and behaviors. The current research sheds light on the significance of behaviors depending upon the four driving forces that need to be changed, or modified in regards to an increase in organizational performance

Assessment of temperature distribution on inclined porous rod with a convective and insulated tip

The following work focuses on determining the temperature profile of porous rod using radiative and insulated tip conditions. In addition, graphs are generated to investigate the impact of several non-dimensional attributes on the distribution of temperature for various modes of energy exchange, such as boiling of nucleates and radiative energy exchange, including the convection-conduction parameter, permeability parameter, and radiation-conduction parameter. ND solve technique is applied to solve the generated nonlinear partial differential equation by using MATHEMATICA. The transient thermal response has been visually presented for various key parameters with ranges p=0,2, Nr=1,5,10, Nc=0.3,0.4,0.5, Pe=0.1,0.2,0.3, Q=0.1,0.2,0.3, Bi=1,2,3. The graphical outcome reveals that temperature distribution is a decreasing function of radiation parameter. Exposure time of the rod to the environment gets short for the enhancement in Peclet number. Initially temperature contours are linear, as time progresses the exponential behavior is developed

Numerical analysis of carbon nanotube-based nanofluid unsteady flow amid two rotating disks with hall current coatings and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions

© 2020 by the authors. In the present exploration, our objective is to investigate the importance of Hall current coatings in the establishment of Cattaneo-Christov (CC) heat flux model in an unsteady aqueous-based nanofluid flow comprising single (SWCNTs) and multi-walled (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) amid two parallel rotating stretchable disks. The novelty of the presented model is strengthened with the presence of homogeneous-heterogeneous (HH) reactions and thermal stratification effects. The numerical solution of the system of coupled differential equations with high nonlinearity is obtained by applying the bvp4c function of MATLAB software. To corroborate the authenticity of the present envisioned mathematical model, a comparison table is added to this study in limiting case. An excellent harmony between the two results is obtained. Effects of numerous parameters on involved distributions are displayed graphically and are argued logically in the light of physical laws. Numerical values of coefficient of drag force and Nusselt number are also tabulated for different parameters. It is observed that tangential velocity (function of rotation parameter) is increasing for both CNTs. Further, the incremental values of thermal stratification parameter cause the decrease in fluid temperature parameter

Numerical Simulation of 3D Condensation Nanofluid Film Flow with Carbon Nanotubes on an Inclined Rotating Disk

Here, we discuss three-dimensional dusty nanofluid thin film flow with nonlinear thermal radiation, where carbon nanotubes flow past an inclined rotating disk with a constant angular velocity of Ω. This novel mathematical model is unique and is discussed here for the first time. Downward draining flow and lateral flow arise due to inclination. The demonstrated geometry is characterized in terms of time-independent continuity, momentum, and energy balance. Similarity transformations convert the partial differential equation into a system of ordinary differential equations. The obtained equations are analyzed numerically using the bvp4c MATLAB function. The thermal field of the dust phase was smaller than that of the nanofluid phase, and this difference was exacerbated by increasing the thermal radiation. To validate the model presented here, it is compared to a previous model; the models showed high concordance

Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Induced by an Oscillating Disk Considering Surface Catalyzed Reaction and Nanoparticles Shape Factor

Lately, a new class of nanofluids, namely hybrid nanofluids, has been introduced that performs much better compared with the nanofluids when a healthier heat transfer rate is the objective of the study. Heading in the same direction, the present investigation accentuates the unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow involving CuO, Al2O3/C2H6O2 achieved by an oscillating disk immersed in the porous media. In a study of the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, the surface catalyzed reaction was also considered to minimize the reaction time. The shape factors of the nanoparticles were also taken into account, as these play a vital role in assessing the thermal conductivity and heat transfer rate of the system. The assumed model is presented mathematically in the form of partial differential equations. The system is transformed by invoking special similarity transformations. The Keller Box scheme was used to obtain numerical and graphical results. It is inferred that the blade-shaped nanoparticles have the best thermal conductivity that boosts the heat transfer efficiency. The oscillation and surface-catalyzed chemical reactions have opposite impacts on the concentration profile. This analysis also includes a comparison of the proposed model with a published result in a limiting case to check the authenticity of the presented model

Thermal efficiency appraisal of hybrid nanocomposite flow over an inclined rotating disk exposed to solar radiation with Arrhenius activation energy

The energy crisis forced the world to look for alternate energy solutions. Amongst these, solar energy is the first choice of scientists that convert solar radiation into heat or electricity to meet the energy deficit. Despite its marginally high installation cost, this renewable energy solution is long-lasting with minimum operating cost. Heading in the same direction, the attributes of the solar radiation towards the heat transfer rate of hybrid nanocomposite comprising paraffin wax amalgamated with copper-oxide, and cobalt-oxide (CuO-Co3O4) nanocomposites and thin-film spraying over an inclined rotating disk are discussed. The nanocomposites are considered in varied shapes. The model is supported by the Arrhenius activation energy in the concentration equation and the convective boundary condition at the surface. The model assumptions are translated into the system of partial differential equations which are then converted into differential equations with apposite similarity transformations. The numerical solution of the transformed system is obtained by the Keller box method. The obtained results are analyzed graphically. The maximum heat transfer rate is witnessed in the case of spherical-shaped particles. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocomposite fluid velocity is augmented when the width of the film is improved