What we talk about when we talk about "global mindset": managerial cognition in multinational corporations

Recent developments in the global economy and in multinational corporations have placed significant emphasis on the cognitive orientations of managers, giving rise to a number of concepts such as “global mindset” that are presumed to be associated with the effective management of multinational corporations (MNCs). This paper reviews the literature on global mindset and clarifies some of the conceptual confusion surrounding the construct. We identify common themes across writers, suggesting that the majority of studies fall into one of three research perspectives: cultural, strategic, and multidimensional. We also identify two constructs from the social sciences that underlie the perspectives found in the literature: cosmopolitanism and cognitive complexity and use these two constructs to develop an integrative theoretical framework of global mindset. We then provide a critical assessment of the field of global mindset and suggest directions for future theoretical and empirical research

The N-Terminal Amino Acid Residues of Normal Adult Human Hemoglobin: A Quantitative Study of Certain Aspects of Sanger's DNP-Method

A quantitative redetermination of the N-terminal valyl residues of normal adult human hemoglobin by the DNP-method of Sanger has led us to question the validity of results previously reported. Our experimental results indicate that there are 3,6 N-terminal valyl residues per molecule, based on a molecular weight of 66,700 for human hemoglobin. The essential difference between this value and those of other investigators lies in a correction factor for operational, chromatographic and hydrolytic losses (13%) which is appreciably lower than any previously reported value. This low value is justified by a detailed study of losses with DNP-valine and two peptides, DNP-Val-gly and DNP-Val-leu, the latter an important hydrolytic product of human hemoglobin itself. On the basis of these results an integral value for the number of end groups in human hemoglobin can be achieved only by revising the molecular weight, If, on the other hand, the number of N-terminal valyl residues in human hemoglobin is non-integral, it may well indicate that normal adult human hemoglobin contains more than one kind of molecule

A Quantitative Study of the Hydrolysis of Human Dinitrophenyl(DNP)globin: The Number and Kind of Polypeptide Chains in Normal Adult Human Hemoglobin

A quantitative investigation of the partial hydrolysis of DNP-globin in refluxing 6 N hydrochloric acid has led to an explanation of our earlier conclusion that normal adult human hemoglobin contains a non-integral number, 3.6, of N-terminal valyl residues per molecule. It is now concluded that 4 E-terminal residues are present. Moreover, it has been found that the molecule contains two kinds of polypeptide chains, with respect to the K-termini. Under the above hydrolytic conditions the N-terminal valyl residues are released as DNP-Val-leu almost quantitatively from two chains (A chains) within 15 min. On continued hydrolysis the other two chains (B chains) release DNP-valine. No N-terminal peptides originating from the B chains have been definitely identified

A Quantitative Study of the Hydrolysis of Human Dinitrophenyl(DNP)globin: The Number and Kind of Polypeptide Chains in Normal Adult Human Hemoglobin

A quantitative investigation of the partial hydrolysis of DNP-globin in refluxing 6 N hydrochloric acid has led to an explanation of our earlier conclusion that normal adult human hemoglobin contains a non-integral number, 3.6, of N-terminal valyl residues per molecule. It is now concluded that 4 E-terminal residues are present. Moreover, it has been found that the molecule contains two kinds of polypeptide chains, with respect to the K-termini. Under the above hydrolytic conditions the N-terminal valyl residues are released as DNP-Val-leu almost quantitatively from two chains (A chains) within 15 min. On continued hydrolysis the other two chains (B chains) release DNP-valine. No N-terminal peptides originating from the B chains have been definitely identified

The N-Terminal Amino Acid Residues of Normal Adult Human Hemoglobin: A Quantitative Study of Certain Aspects of Sanger's DNP-Method

A quantitative redetermination of the N-terminal valyl residues of normal adult human hemoglobin by the DNP-method of Sanger has led us to question the validity of results previously reported. Our experimental results indicate that there are 3,6 N-terminal valyl residues per molecule, based on a molecular weight of 66,700 for human hemoglobin. The essential difference between this value and those of other investigators lies in a correction factor for operational, chromatographic and hydrolytic losses (13%) which is appreciably lower than any previously reported value. This low value is justified by a detailed study of losses with DNP-valine and two peptides, DNP-Val-gly and DNP-Val-leu, the latter an important hydrolytic product of human hemoglobin itself. On the basis of these results an integral value for the number of end groups in human hemoglobin can be achieved only by revising the molecular weight, If, on the other hand, the number of N-terminal valyl residues in human hemoglobin is non-integral, it may well indicate that normal adult human hemoglobin contains more than one kind of molecule