Detection of muscle fatigue, from statistical methods to software applications

Background: Muscle fatigue has become increasingly present in our daily lives. This is related to lifestyle difficulties. Several methods were proposed in order to detect the muscle fatigue. This report proposes a short review of statistical methods and processing tools extracted from MATLAB software dedicated to detection of fatigue. Methods: The first part in this study is an application of a useful electronic card named “arduino†for acquiring the electromyography signal (EMG). This latter is the perfect signal to describe fatigue in muscles. The acquisition of data is done in two steps; the first is a simple acquisition representing rest (the subject is relaxed). Then, in the next step, the subject does a series of physical exercises representing moving continuously a handlebar (in order to simulate the work of the tram’s conductor). After obtaining raw data from the acquired signals, we apply statistical methods and some processing tools in order to detect fatigue. Results: For the statistical method, we apply the spectral density, which is a mathematical tool that represents the various spectral components of a signal and to perform the harmonic analysis. We deduct that 80 microvolt’s is the intensity of getting fatigue (exercise of moving the handlebar). Using processing tools (FFT and STFT techniques), we obtain essential information on the fatigue’s beginning time. Conclusion: A brief survey of statistical and processing tools to extract fatigue information from an EMG signal was done. A typical example of the importance of detecting fatigue was also illustrated (tram conductor). We aimed for a lot of results from this study, especially because we want to compare techniques. After studying, the STFT technique seem the best

Green ultrasound-assisted three-component click synthesis of novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole carrying benzothiazoles and fluorinated-1,2,4-triazole conjugates and their antimicrobial evaluation

The present study describes an efficient and ecofriendly, ultrasound, one-pot click cycloaddition approach for the construction of a novel series of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles tethered with fluorinated 1,2,4-triazole-benzothiazole molecular conjugates. It involved three-component condensation of the appropriate bromoacetamide benzothiazole, sodium azide and 4-alkyl/aryl-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(prop-2-ynylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles 4a-e through a Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. This approach involves in situ generation of azidoacetamide benzothiazole, followed by condensation with terminal alkynes in the presence of CuSO4/Na-ascorbate in aqueous DMSO under both conventional and ultrasound conditions. Some of the designed 1,2,3-triazole conjugates 6a-o were recognized for their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial and fungal pathogenic strains