The critical analysis of the master signifier and the interaction of the floating signifiers in the discourse of "Cloud Years" novel based on Laclau’s Approach and Van Dijk's ideological square

This study aimed to measure the articulation of the floating signifiers considering the master signifier of the discourse of "Cloud Years" novel using Ernesto Laclau’s and Theon Van Dijk's theories based on structuralist perspective. This novel written by Ali Ashraf Darvishian is a meaningful collection of linguistic and metalinguistic signs. Considering this issue, in order to explain the discourse of this novel, the authors analyze its components and described the relationship between the floating signifiers and the master signifier; then examined the transformation of "social inequality" into the master signifier and consequently the growth of socialism discourse. The main question of the present study is that how the floating signifiers of the discourse have been formed based on the master signifier with the aim of stabilizing and giving meaning to it? Based on the descriptive-analytical method, the authors have examined the novel in question at three levels.  The findings show that in this work, social inequality is considered as a master signifier in the formation of its discourse elements. Also, the floating signifiers, that the discourse of this novel is filled with, are articulated in the form of concepts such as "Social equality", all of which serve the master signifier. According to Theon Van Dijk's theory, polarization, irony, implication, metaphor, modality, comparison, agent, dramatization, explanation, repetition, and distancing are the most salient categories of ideological analysis in this discourse

Analytical study of narrative structure on Sohrab’s poetry (Passenger) According to the theory of morphology

Abstract Morphology is one of the important methods in structuralist criticism. In this method, researchers are studying the structure of the literary work. In contemporary Persian literature, this method has been used less in Poetry analysis. There are poems in the collection of contemporary Persian literature can be analyzed by this method. "Mosafer" (Traveler) is one of the poems.  Sohrab wrote this poem in 1966. "Mosafer" is a symbol of Sohrab. "Mosafer" is someone who does not stay in one place. He always moves like a river. He, like mystics in search of the truth, travels around the world. This poem is rooted in the cultural traditions of Iran. In this poem, topics such as life, death and love are seen. These issues also exist in Iranian mystical texts. In fact, Sohrab moves along the former mystical ideas.  Basically Sohrab in this poem is involved from the beginning with the concept of death. Death that engulfs not only human but also devours objects. Such poetry is almost unprecedented in Persian literature. And so this type of poetry is to be considered as new methods. This poem has three parts: In the first part, the poet describes the time. And he then defines the location where the host is present. In the second part, passenger travel in the history of civilization. A journey that started long ago and is still ongoing. And the third part poem starts with these words: We must pass…. The language of this poetry is close to natural language. The appearance of this poem is simple but It is filled with cultural motifs. The theme of the poem is quite common but has led to philosophical issues. This poem has a narrative structure and Simple plot. This poem by using stream of consciousness, is told. In literary criticism, stream of consciousness, also known as interior monologue, is a narrative mode or device that depicts the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind. Characters, dialogue, dramatic situations, and events are the components of the plot. These components make up the superstructure that have gathered around deep structure. The structure of poetry is separable into two parts: The first part of the poem, from beginning to end of paragraph seven. The second part of paragraph eight to thirty-four. The first part consists of a display position that is two scenes of dialogue. The second part consists of a long monologue and a display position. In this study, the structure of the poem according to Propp's method is studied. Vladimir Propp, studied Russian fairy tales. In that study, he applied morphological method. Propp's method is very effective in discovering the structure of the tales. This poem has twenty functions (Khishkari). The first function is absence and the last one is wedding. Some functions in this poem, arranged by group. Thus, absence and departure and evil, are a group that are moving story. The sequence of functions on this narrative is different from the Prop pattern. Hero and villain in this poem, have an important role in advancing the narrative. Much of this poem dedicated to the dialogue between the Hero (Passenger) and Helpful (Host). Due to the move, the poem has a movement. So it must be said that this poem has a simple plot

A Study of Modernism’s Principles and Elements in Lahouti’s Poetry and Thought

The constitutional era marked the beginning of a new phase in the history of Iranian society. This period represents the transition of Iranian society from the traditional era to the modern era. During this period, Iranian intellectuals were influenced by the idea of modernity and attempted to modernize Iranian society. As one of these intellectuals, Lahouti was also strongly influenced by modernism. In order to accomplish this, the present article aims to answer the following important questions: Can Lahouti's perspective be considered modern? If so, what elements of modernist thought have been incorporated into Lahouti's thinking? When compared with other poets of the constitutional era, Lahouti's intellectual connections with the "West" are clearly evident. Thus, many of his ideas are likely to be influenced by modernism. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected from the poems of Lahouti for the purpose of this study. This essay aims to criticize and analyze Lahouti's ideas regarding modernism