ROSAT PSPC observations of Cygnus-A : X-ray spectra of the cooling flow and hot spots

We present a {\it ROSAT} Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observation of the powerful radio galaxy Cygnus-A. The X-ray emission in the {\it ROSAT} band is dominated by thermal emission from the hot intracluster medium of the associated cluster. Image deprojection confirms the existence of a significant cluster cooling flow with total mass deposition rate of $\sim 250\,{\rm M}_\odot\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$ and a (Hubble time) cooling radius of $\sim 180$\,kpc. Spectral data show the gradient in the emission-weighted mean temperature with the temperature decreasing towards the centre of the cluster. We also find signatures of the radio source: in particular, we detect the X-ray emission from the western radio hot spot previously found by the {\it ROSAT} High Resolution Imager (HRI). We find the emission from the hot spot to be hard and discuss the physical implications of this result.Comment: uuencoded compressed postscript. The preprint is also available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.htm

Special relativistic effects on the strength of the fluorescent K-alpha iron line from black hole accretion disks

The broad iron K$\alpha$ emission line, commonly seen in the X-ray spectrum of Seyfert nuclei, is thought to originate when the inner accretion disk is illuminated by an active disk-corona. We show that relative motion between the disk and the X-ray emitting material can have an important influence on the observed equivalent width (EW) of this line via special relativistic aberration and Doppler effects. We suggest this may be relevant to understanding why the observed EW often exceeds the prediction of the standard X-ray reflection model. Several observational tests are suggested that could disentangle these special relativistic effects from iron abundance effects.Comment: 5 pages, 3 postscript figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS (pink pages). Also available at http://rocinante.Colorado.EDU/~chris/html_papers/special/special.htm

An RXTE study of M87 and the core of the Virgo cluster

We present hard X-ray observations of the nearby radio galaxy M87 and the core of the Virgo cluster using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. These are the first hard X-ray observations of M87 not affected by contamination from the nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC4388. Thermal emission from Virgo's intracluster medium is clearly detected and has a spectrum indicative of kT=2.5keV plasma with approximately 25% cosmic abundances. No non-thermal (power-law) emission from M87 is detected in the hard X-ray band, with fluctuations in the Cosmic X-ray Background being the limiting factor. Combining with ROSAT data, we infer that the X-ray spectrum of the M87 core and jet must be steep (Gamma_core>1.90$ and Gamma_jet>1.75), and we discuss the implications of this result. In particular, these results are consistent with M87 being a mis-aligned BL-Lac object.Comment: 8 pages, 2 postscript figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

Are the Nuclei of Seyfert 2 Galaxies Viewed Face-On?

We show from modeling the Fe Kalpha line in the ASCA spectra of four X-ray bright narrow emission line galaxies (Seyfert types 1.9 and 2) that two equally viable physical models can describe the observed line profile. The first is discussed by Turner et al. (1998) and consists of emission from a nearly pole-on accretion disk. The second, which is statistically preferred, is a superposition of emission from an accretion disk viewed at an intermediate inclination of about 48 degrees and a distinct, unresolved feature that presumably originates some distance from the galaxy nucleus. The intermediate inclination is entirely consistent with unified schemes and our findings challenge recent assertions that Seyfert 2 galaxies are preferentially viewed with their inner regions face-on. We derive mean equivalent widths for the narrow and disk lines of =60 eV and = 213 eV, respectively. The X-ray data are well described by a geometry in which our view of the active nucleus intersects and is blocked by the outer edges of the obscuring torus, and therefore do not require severe misalignments between the accretion disk and the torus.Comment: 19 pages, 3 postscript figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

An extended multi-zone model for the MCG-6-30-15 warm absorber

The variable warm absorber seen with {\em ASCA} in the X-ray spectrum of MCG$-$6-30-15 shows complex time behaviour in which the optical depth of OVIII anticorrelates with the flux whereas that of OVII is unchanging. The explanation in terms of a two zone absorber has since been challenged by {\em BeppoSAX} observations. These present a more complicated behaviour for the OVIII edge. We demonstrate here that the presence of a third, intermediate, zone can explain all the observations. In practice, warm absorbers are likely to be extended, multi-zone regions of which only part causes directly observable absorption edges at any given time.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA