Compulsory Bar Dues in Montana: Two (and a Half) Challenges

Compulsory Bar Dues In Montana: Two (And A Half) Challenge

Accrual of the Cause of Action for Medical Malpractice: Penrod v. Hoskinson

Accrual Of The Cause Of Action For Medical Malpractice: Penrod v. Hoskinso

Corn and Soybean Disease Outlook for the 70\u27s

Two current trends in agriculture - the narrowing genetic base of corn and minimum tillage - are being watched for their influence upon plant disease. And stalk rot will probably continue to be the number one corn disease in Iowa, says this plant pathologist as he looks to the future

Accrual of the Cause of Action for Medical Malpractice: Penrod v. Hoskinson

Accrual Of The Cause Of Action For Medical Malpractice: Penrod v. Hoskinso

Universal Design for Learning: Application for Technology-Enhanced Learning

The authors illustrate how the concept of Universal Design can be used to enhance community college teaching and learning

Birds as bioindicators of plastic pollution in terrestrial and freshwater environments:A 30-year review

Plastic pollution is a global concern that has grown ever more acute in recent years. Most research has focused on the impact of plastic pollution in marine environments. However, plastic is increasingly being detected in terrestrial and freshwater environments with key inland sources including landfills, where it is accessible to a wide range of organisms. Birds are effective bioindicators of pollutants for many reasons, including their high mobility and high intra- and interspecific variation in trophic levels. Freshwater and terrestrial bird species are under-represented in plastic pollution research compared to marine species. We reviewed 106 studies (spanning from 1994 onwards) that have detected plastics in bird species dwelling in freshwater and/or terrestrial habitats, identifying knowledge gaps. Seventy-two studies focused solely on macroplastics (fragments >5 mm), compared to 22 microplastics (fragments <5 mm) studies. A further 12 studies identified plastics as both microplastics and macroplastics. No study investigated nanoplastic (particles < 100 nm) exposure. Research to date has geographical and species’ biases while ignoring nanoplastic sequestration in free-living freshwater, terrestrial and marine bird species. Building on the baseline search presented here, we urge researchers to develop and validate standardised field sampling techniques and laboratory analytical protocols such as Raman spectroscopy to allow for the quantification and identification of micro- and nanoplastics in terrestrial and freshwater environments and the species therein. Future studies should consistently report the internalised and background concentrations, types, sizes and forms of plastics. This will enable a better understanding of the sources of plastic pollution and their routes of exposure to birds of terrestrial and freshwater environments, providing a more comprehensive insight into the potential impacts on birds

Moving epidemic method (MEM) applied to virology data as a novel real time tool to predict peak in seasonal influenza healthcare utilisation. The Scottish experience of the 2017/18 season to date

Scotland observed an unusual influenza A(H3N2)- dominated 2017/18 influenza season with healthcare services under significant pressure. We report the application of the moving epidemic method (MEM) to virology data as a tool to predict the influenza peak activity period and peak week of swab positivity in the current season. This novel MEM application has been successful locally and is believed to be of potential use to other countries for healthcare planning and building wider community resilience

Biogenic aldehyde determination by reactive paper spray ionization mass spectrometry

Ionization of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes is improved by performing simultaneous chemical derivatization using 4-aminophenol to produce charged iminium ions during paper spray ionization. Accelerated reactions occur in the microdroplets generated during the paper spray ionization event for the tested aldehydes (formaldehyde, n-pentanaldehyde, n-nonanaldehyde, n-decanaldehyde, n-dodecanaldehyde, benzaldehyde, m-anisaldehyde, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde). Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the iminium ions using collision-induced dissociation demonstrated that straight chain aldehydes give a characteristic fragment at m/. z 122 (shown to correspond to protonated 4-(methyleneamino)phenol), while the aromatic aldehyde iminium ions fragment to give a characteristic product ion at m/. z 120. These features allow straightforward identification of linear and aromatic aldehydes. Quantitative analysis of n-nonaldehyde using a benchtop mass spectrometer demonstrated a linear response over 3 orders of magnitude from 2.5. ng to 5. μg of aldehyde loaded on the filter paper emitter. The limit of detection was determined to be 2.2. ng for this aldehyde. The method had a precision of 22%, relative standard deviation. The experiment was also implemented using a portable ion trap mass spectrometer

Contextualising leadership: looking for leadership in the everyday

Leadership is a significant issue in the development context because much work takes place with or through leaders. Often, development policy aims to build the capacity of existing leaders in government, civil society and so on, understanding leadership as a lever to support positive change. However, leadership is contextual: leaders practice leadership in many contexts across every society. Leadership interventions that do not make everyday sense to people lack deep contextualisation. To move forward, effective strategies for learning about leadership in context are required. Leadership may be a shared practice in which a key obligation involves passing valued information intergenerationally. Leadership can be a matter of shared identity, navigation of direction and relationship management. Leadership in some contexts aims at distribution and cohesion. This paper asks key questions of leadership in context; what it is, what kinds of contextual evidence are appropriate for leadership claims, and where to look for evidence of leadership. These questions are important in reaching complex development problems, and in finding ways of addressing them that are practical, appropriate and sustainable

Analysis of supramolecular complexes of 3-methylxanthine with field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry

Miniaturised field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), combined with mass spectrometry (MS), has been applied to the study of self-assembling, non-covalent supramolecular complexes of 3-methylxanthine (3-MX) in the gas phase. 3-MX forms stable tetrameric complexes around an alkali metal (Na+, K+) or ammonium cation, to generate a diverse array of complexes with single and multiple charge states. Complexes of (3-MX)n observed include: singly charged complexes where n = 1-8 and 12 and doubly charged complexes where n = 12-24. The most intense ions are those associated with multiples of tetrameric units, where n = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24. The effect of dispersion field on the ion intensities of the self-assembled complexes indicates some fragmentation of higher order complexes within the FAIMS electrodes (in-FAIMS dissociation), as well as in-source collision induced dissociation within the mass spectrometer. FAIMS-MS enables charge state separation of supramolecular complexes of 3-MX and is shown to be capable of separating species with overlapping mass-to-charge ratios. FAIMS selected transmission also results in an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio for low intensity complexes and enables the visualisation of species undetectable without FAIMS