Multi-axis integrated Hall magnetic sensors

Conventional Hall magnetic sensors respond only to the magnetic field component perpendicular to the surface of the sensor die. Multi-axis sensing capability can be provided in the following two ways: (a) by integrating magnetic flux concentrators on the die, and (b) by using vertical Hall devices. Here we review the most important two-and three-axis integrated Hall magnetic sensors based on these concepts. Their applications include mapping of magnetic fields and sensing angular position

Diversité de genre et d’orientation sexuelle (Digos) : memento à l’usage des intervenant-e-s de l’école

Dans le cadre de son mandat, l’Unité de promotion de la santé et de prévention en milieu scolaire (Unité PSPS) a été chargée par les départements concernés (DFJC et DSAS) de mettre en place un groupe de travail qui a réalisé ce mémento. Objectifs : Ce mémento vise à fournir des bases de connaissances et des ressources à chaque adulte intervenant dans les établissements scolaires et de formation. Ces éléments contribuent de manière interdisciplinaire à prévenir les violences basées sur l’orientation sexuelle et l’identité de genre, réelles ou supposées, et leurs conséquences pour toute-s les jeunes. (glossaire et ressources en pp.17-21). Contexte: Un-e jeune se découvrant une orientation sexuelle minoritaire et / ou une identité de genre atypique se trouve le plus souvent seul-e face à ses questions. Ce sentiment initial d’isolement peut être renforcé par les violences vécues ou anticipées et par l’absence de soutien et de ressource

A Novel fry1 Allele Reveals the Existence of a Mutant Phenotype Unrelated to 5′->3′ Exoribonuclease (XRN) Activities in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots

International audienceBackgroundMutations in the FRY1/SAL1 Arabidopsis locus are highly pleiotropic, affecting drought tolerance, leaf shape and root growth. FRY1 encodes a nucleotide phosphatase that in vitro has inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase and 3′,(2′),5′-bisphosphate nucleotide phosphatase activities. It is not clear which activity mediates each of the diverse biological functions of FRY1 in planta.Principal FindingsA fry1 mutant was identified in a genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants deregulated in the expression of Pi High affinity Transporter 1;4 (PHT1;4). Histological analysis revealed that, in roots, FRY1 expression was restricted to the stele and meristems. The fry1 mutant displayed an altered root architecture phenotype and an increased drought tolerance. All of the phenotypes analyzed were complemented with the AHL gene encoding a protein that converts 3′-polyadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) into AMP and Pi. PAP is known to inhibit exoribonucleases (XRN) in vitro. Accordingly, an xrn triple mutant with mutations in all three XRNs shared the fry1 drought tolerance and root architecture phenotypes. Interestingly these two traits were also complemented by grafting, revealing that drought tolerance was primarily conferred by the rosette and that the root architecture can be complemented by long-distance regulation derived from leaves. By contrast, PHT1 expression was not altered in xrn mutants or in grafting experiments. Thus, PHT1 up-regulation probably resulted from a local depletion of Pi in the fry1 stele. This hypothesis is supported by the identification of other genes modulated by Pi deficiency in the stele, which are found induced in a fry1 background.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results indicate that the 3′,(2′),5′-bisphosphate nucleotide phosphatase activity of FRY1 is involved in long-distance as well as local regulatory activities in roots. The local up-regulation of PHT1 genes transcription in roots likely results from local depletion of Pi and is independent of the XRNs.

Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals

The Liénard equation has at least n periodic when F(x) = ∏ (i=1...n) (x^2-i^2): Focus on functions without forced oscillation for which we identify and locate periodic solutions at even very long distances from the origin.Geometrical approach in symbiosis with the appearance of trajectories.Algorithms that make it very easy to botanize many new specimens.

The Liénard equation is a subject that has occupied mathematicians for almost a century. In spite of this, we are still dealing with the same rare examples, including that of the Van der Pol equation. Mathematicians are lacking a wide collection of cases from which to test or draw some hypotheses.We present algorithms that make it very easy to botanize many new specimens. This should energize the subject.The usual approach used for the search for periodic solutions is that of analysis. In general it deals only with the existence of periodic solutions very close to the origin for functions containing a very small forced oscillation. We deal with functions without forced oscillation and identify and locate periodic solutions at even very long distances from the origin.The tools of analysis that are usually used require the mastery of elaborate techniques and it is not easy to make the link between the analytical results and the appearance of the trajectories.We use elementary mathematical tools and a geometric approach completely in symbiosis with the appearance of trajectories.The numerical search methods for periodic solutions do not allow us to know whether we have explored sufficiently far from the origin or limit the time of calculation to the strict necessary.We give a method to determine very simply, for a very wide range of functions, the bounded space in which all the periodic solutions are located.The Grail underlying the study of the Liénard equation is that of the resolution of the 16th Hilbert problem.We have not solved it however we show that the number of periodic solutions is at least (degree F(x)-1)/

Une approche géométrique de l’équation de Liénard pour prouver que pour F(x)= x∏(i=1 à n)(x^2-i^2 ) il y a au moins n solutions périodiques, pour prouver que pour tous les polynômes de degré impair les solutions périodiques sont dans un espace borné autour de l’origine, pour donner des nouveaux algorithmes permettant de localiser les solutions périodiques, etc.

We use a geometrical approach of the Liénard’s equation to prove that for F(x)= x∏_(i=1àn)(x^2-i^2 ) there are at least one periodic solution crossing [-i-1 ;-i] et [i ;i+1] for all 1≤i≤n and one crossing ]-∞;-n] and [n ;∞[, to prove that for all polynomials of odd degree the periodic solutions are in a bounded space around the origin and that for all polynomials of even degree the periodic solution cross a bounded interval of Oy, to detect the periodic solutions in studying a linear transformation of Oy, to prove that the number of periodic solution for F(x) and for λF(x) are different, to give five new algorithms allowing to localize the periodic solutions, to give some examples of functions for which there are at least one periodic solution crossing [-i-1 ;-i] and [i ;i+1] for all iϵN*, to give conditions on the coefficients of polynomials to have periodic solutions and to determine a lower bound of the probability of not having periodic solutionNous utilisons une approche géométrique de l’équation de Liénard pour prouver que pour F(x)= x∏_(i=1àn)(x^2-i^2 ) il y a au moins une solution périodique coupant [-i-1 ;-i] et [i ;i+1] pour tout 1≤i≤n et une coupant ]-∞;-n] et [n ;∞[, pour prouver que pour tous les polynômes de degré impair les solutions périodiques sont dans un espace borné autour de l’origine et que pour tous les polynômes de degré pair les solutions périodiques coupent un intervalle borné de Oy, pour détecter les solutions périodiques en étudiant une transformation linéaire de Oy, pour prouver que les nombres de solutions périodiques pour F(x) et pour λF(x) sont différents, pour donner cinq nouveaux algorithmes permettant de localiser les solutions périodiques, pour donner des exemples de fonctions pour lesquelles il y a au moins une solution périodique coupant [-i-1 ;-i] et [i ;i+1] pour tout iϵN*, pour donner des conditions sur les coefficients de polynômes pour qu’il y ait des solutions périodiques et pour déterminer une borne inférieure à la probabilité qu’il n’y ait pas de solutions périodique

Hall sensor array

Integrated circuit Hall sensor system comprising a plurality of elementary blocks (EB), each elementary block including a Hall cell (4), a differential pair (8) of an input stage of a Differential Difference Amplifier (DDA), and terminals (12a, 12b), wherein the terminals (12a, 12b) are placed laterally on opposing outer sides of each elementary block parallel to a Y axis and the plurality of elementary blocks are arranged in a juxtaposed manner to form at least one row (6a, 6b) extending along an X axis orthogonal to the Y axis and interconnected by the terminals

Purely CMOS Angular Position Sensor Based on a New Hall Microchip

This paper presents a new technique to sense the direction of the magnetic field, enabling a new generation of contactless 360 degrees absolute angle encoders. The sensor consists of a microchip that contains a special ring-shaped Hall element. It is the first sensor that gives the angle value without the need of computing an arctan function. In addition, we demonstrate that this system is compatible with a self calibration method. Measurements were performed with the microchip operating inside a hollow permanent magnet and an accuracy of 0.1 degrees was obtained without calibration

Circular Hall transducer for angular position sensing

We developed a new integrated magnetic sensor based on the Hall effect, suitable for the application in magnetic contactless 360° absolute angle sensors. The device consists of a narrow n-well ring with a chain of 64 contacts equally distributed around the ring. The contacts are connected to an on-chip electronics with biasing and signal conditioning circuits providing the information about the magnitude and phase of in-plane component of the magnetic field. We characterized the sensor in homogenous magnetic field of 100 mT and measured the angular resolution of 0.01° in the frequency bandwidth of 1 kHz and the absolute angular accuracy of about 1° and 0.1° without and with output offset calibration of the sensor, respectively