Extruded Aquaculture Feed: A Review

Agro-industrial by-products are processed materials that can have high protein content or other nutrients. The agro-industrial by-products are traditionally sold at low prices for animal feed consumption. These residues of the agro-industry have a high concentration of nutritional and bioactive compounds, which can be applied as fishmeal substitutes. In this chapter, it is shown how extrusion can be an alternative process for aquaculture feed production, increasing digestibility, and functional properties of the aquaculture feed, such as water stability and floatability. The thermal process during extrusion decreases the antinutritional factors present in legumes or other agro-industrial by-products, such as trypsin inhibitors and lectins. This chapter reviews research related to new protein sources that can potentially complement or substitute fishmeal for aquaculture feed. The use of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) protein and cottonseed meal as a fishmeal substitute are shown, as well as the optimization of the extrusion process for aquaculture feed production. The incorporation of plant protein into the aquaculture production contributes to a more sustainable process. The effect of the extrusion parameters on the final product and quality are explained

2-D Simulation of the Catalytic Dechlorination of P-Chlorophenol in a Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Bed

This study adopted the fundamentals of the catalytic dechlorination of p-chlorophenol in a MSFB column, technology developed by Graham (1). A CFD-DPM approach is used to simulate the catalytic process. The code is validated by comparison with the experimental results, considering the p-chlorophenol removal and the particle catalyst deactivation