Elimination of AB210 dye in residual textile water by glow-discharge plasma application

Artículo de investigaciónOwing to the global population growth and economic development in several developing countries, the availability of clean drinking water is a problem that has been growing in parallel with the continual increase in water consumption. Atmospheric nonthermal plasma discharge is inexpensive and safe in comparison of other toxic chemical methods of wastewater treatment. Here, the results of treating wastewater containing the Acid Black 210 (AB210) dye, at a concentration of 0.5 mM, are presented. In this process, Fe2+ filings are used as a catalyst. The treatment was carried out by means of plasma generated at atmospheric pressure on the surface of water. The effectiveness of the degradation of AB210 was quantified at different treatment times, 0–180 min, obtaining a 99.9% removal rate of the dye. The experiments were performed at an initial volume of 250 mL, and the electrical conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined. The changes in the spectral range (200–1,100 nm) of the plasma during wastewater treatment were studied.UAEM 4307/2017/CI

Comparative study of the degradation process of Azo textile dyes AB52 and AB210 in water using a type-Corona electric discharge

Artículo completo Comparative study of the degradation process of Azo textile dyes AB52 and AB210 in water using a type-Corona electric dischargeIn this study, the effect of maintaining the same initial chemical and physical conditions in the mineralization process, (decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions to CO2 , mineral salts and water) was evaluated for 2 azo-type dyes (N=N) using a cold plasma as agent precursor to the mechanism of elimination of pollutants in water. This paper reports the treatment of water with Acid Black 52 (AB52) and Acid Black 210 (AB210), using as a reaction accelerator iron filing (analytical grade) (Fe2+). The kinetics of the reaction was determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, at the beginning and during the treatment of the samples the total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) value was determined. The discoloration values in 180 min are greater than 95% and the values of TOC and COD decrease, more than 90% depending upon the time of treatment. In addition, the optical emission spectrum of the plasma was obtained to determine the species present in the ionization processes of the corona discharge. The energy yield value was calculated in terms of G50, these results provide information for the subsequent application of this process to degradation of organic compounds4307/2017/ CI UAEMe

Gobernanza de la cadena global de valor del aguacate en México

Globalization is linked to the future level of integration of countries in Global Value Chains (GVC). Using the GVC approach, the effect of governance on learning mechanisms on responsible upgrading was analyzed. 17 interviews with key players in the Mexican avocado sector were applied during May-August 2021, to obtain information on the main agreements between buyers, customers, and requirements to participate in global markets. The information collected was supplemented with databases from government agencies. Graphic analysis, word cloud analysis and descriptive statistics were performed. It was found that global governance is modular, but within the chain it was market, modular and hierarchical, based on the characteristics of the transactions. Learning by imitation is present in market and hierarchical governance, but in the first it is low technology and high in the second. It is concluded that participating in GVC knowledge of norms and standards allows increasing sales volume and accumulating capital but does not guarantee learning to achieve productive or functional improvements. Responsibility as a governance practice is variable between links, it depends on individual and collective capacities and wills, the absence of validated instruments to hold companies accountable makes their application difficult, these instruments must solve real problems, not only provide scientific knowledge.La globalización está ligada al nivel de integración futuro de los países en Cadenas Globales de Valor (cgv). Utilizando el enfoque de cgv se analizó el efecto de la gobernanza en los mecanismos de aprendizaje sobre la actualización (upgrading) responsable. Se aplicaron 17 entrevistas con actores clave del sector aguacatero mexicano durante mayo y agosto del 2021, para obtener información de los principales acuerdos entre compradores, clientes y requisitos para participar en los mercados globales. La información recabada se complementó con bases de datos de organismos gubernamentales y se realizó un análisis gráfico, de nubes de palabras y estadística descriptiva. Se encontró que la gobernanza global es modular, pero al interior de la cadena fue de mercado, modular y jerárquica, basado en las características de las transacciones. Los aprendizajes por imitación están presentes en gobernanzas de mercado y jerárquica, pero en la primera es de baja tecnología y de alta en la segunda. Se concluye que al participar en cgv los conocimientos de normas y estándares permiten aumentar el volumen de ventas y acumular capital, pero no garantizan aprendizajes para lograr mejoras productivas o funcionales. La responsabilidad como práctica de la gobernanza es variable entre eslabones, depende de capacidades y voluntades individuales y colectivas, la ausencia de instrumentos validados para responsabilizar empresas dificulta su aplicación, ya que estos instrumentos deben resolver problemas reales y no solo aportar conocimiento científico

Conocimiento campesino sobre fertilización del maíz en comunidades Mazahua (Jñatjo) de México

Fertilization is a defining factor in maize (Zea mays L.) yield. However, indigenous knowledge about this process is scarcely documented for its revaluation. The objective was to analyze the factors involved in peasant fertilization of maize. Structured interviews, participative observation, and a questionnaire were carried out with 103 farmers from three Mazahua communities: San Juan Coajomulco, Fresno Nichi and San Pedro el Alto, in Estado de México, during the year 2015. A multivariable analysis was conducted. The index of fidelity, sources, doses, and costs of fertilization were calculated. The grain yield estimated was compared to the regional reference. The fidelity index showed that plant height, female flowering, and leaf color determine the moment of fertilization. The multivariable analyses showed that the similarity between farmer fertilization is also due to the community of origin, occupation, cultivated surface, and amount of phosphorus applied. Farmers combine mineral fertilizers with manure; the average annual cost was $4043 MX per hectare. The grain yield in two of the communities was higher than the one reported locally. Farmers practice dialogue of knowledges when incorporating technology without leaving behind their traditional knowledge.La fertilización es un factor determinante en el rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.). Sin embargo, el conocimiento indígena de este proceso es poco documentado para su revaloración. El objetivo fue analizar los factores involucrados en la fertilización campesina del maíz. Se realizaron entrevistas estructuradas, observación participativa y un cuestionario a 103 campesinos de tres comunidades mazahuas: San Juan Coajomulco, Fresno Nichi y San Pedro el Alto, Estado de México, en el año 2015. Se hizo análisis multivariable. El índice de fidelidad, fuentes, dosis y costos de fertilización fueron calculados. El rendimiento del grano estimado se comparó con la referencia regional. El índice de fidelidad mostró que la altura de la planta, la floración femenina y el color de las hojas determinan el momento de la fertilización. Los análisis multivariables mostraron que la similitud entre la fertilización campesina también se debe a la comunidad de origen, ocupación, superficie cultivada y cantidad de fósforo aplicada. Los campesinos combinan fertilizantes minerales con estiércol; el costo promedio anual fue$4043 MX por hectárea. El rendimiento del grano en dos de las comunidades fue mayor que el reportado localmente. Los campesinos practican el diálogo de saberes al incorporar la tecnología sin dejar atrás su conocimiento tradicional

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations in synovial fluid of sound and osteoarthritic horses, and its correlation with proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF

El factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina I (IGF-1) es el factor de crecimiento conocido más importante para la reparación del cartílago en caballos. Promueve la mitosis de los condrocitos, la expresión de colágeno II y la producción de matriz extracelular. La osteoartritis (OA) es la condición musculoesquelética más común que causa cojera y bajo rendimiento en caballos deportivos. Se evaluó clínica y radiográficamente un total de 11 caballos cojos, y se confirmó que todos sufrían una cojera metacarpofalángica frontal mediante una prueba de flexión positiva, un bloqueo nervioso en 4 puntos bajos y un bloqueo intraarticular. La proteína total, IGF-1, IL-6 y TNFα se determinaron por ELISA, lo que demostró cambios y diferentes correlaciones entre la condición clínica, los cambios radiográficos y el grado de inflamación. Todos los caballos con dolor asociado a las articulaciones y, por lo tanto, asociado a la cojera, mostraron un aumento significativo de la proteína total (P<0.0001) y la concentración de IGF-1 (P<0.05). Las concentraciones de IL-6 y TNFα entre los controles y los caballos cojos mostraron diferencias significativas (P<0.01 y P<0.001 respectivamente). Los caballos con menos cambios radiográficos mostraron la mayor expresión de IGF-1 en el líquido sinovial, y los caballos con condiciones de OA más crónicas tuvieron niveles de expresión de IGF-1 muy similares a los de las articulaciones de control. En todas las articulaciones cojas, se identificó por medio de Western blot una isoforma de IGF-1 más ligera (~ 7.5 kDa) que estaba relacionada con la inflamación y es el peso molecular del péptido maduro, y todas las articulaciones de control expresaron una isoforma más pesada (~ 12 kDa). Este hallazgo podría conducir a una nueva investigación para secuenciar y apuntar a la isoforma que no se expresa durante un proceso inflamatorio dentro de una articulación, y para tener una mejor comprensión de su papel en la articulación del caballo.Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is the most important known growth factor for cartilage repair in horses. It promotes mitosis of chondrocytes, collagen II expression, and extra cellular matrix production. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition that causes lameness and poor performance in sport horses. A total of 11 lame horses were clinically and radiographically evaluated, and all were confirmed to suffer a front metacarpophalangeal lameness by a positive flexion test, a low-4-point nerve block and an intraarticular block. Total protein, IGF-1, IL-6 and TNFa were determined by ELISA, demonstrating changes and different correlations between clinical condition, radiographic changes and degree of inflammation. All horses with joint associated pain and therefore associated lameness, demonstrated a significant increase of total protein (P<0.0001) and IGF-1 concentration (P<0.05). Concentrations of IL-6 and TNFa between controls and lame horses demonstrated significant differences (P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively). Horses with less radiographic changes, demonstrated the highest IGF-1 expression in synovial fluid, and horses with more chronic OA conditions had very similar IGF-1 expression levels than control joints. In all lame joints, it was identified by Western blot a lighter isoform of IGF-1 (~7.5 kDa) which was inflammation related and it is the molecular weight of the mature peptide, and all control joints expressed a heavier isoform (~12 kDa). This finding could lead to new research for sequencing and targeting the isoform which is not expressed during an inflammatory process within a joint, and to have a better understanding of its role in the horse’s joint

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-α production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mis casos clínicos de especialidades odontológicas

Libro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasLibro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries