Patologías de la infraestructura vial del tramo variante La Romelia El Pollo, sector La Graciela (Dosquebradas)- glorieta de Mercasa (Pereira)

Son diversos los factores que afectan el comportamiento de los pavimentos y de las vías, entre ellos están las cargas impuestas por el tránsito, las condiciones ambientales a las cuales se encuentra sometida la estructura, el tipo de suelo o terreno de fundación, entre otros elementos que inciden en el deterioro y mal estado del material, lo que lo hace susceptible a diferentes daños como fisuras, baches, deformaciones, perdida de capas estructurales, daños superficiales y otros, es por ello que medir y registrar los deterioros estructurales que se presentan en las vías ayudan a consultar las posibles causas de los daños de manera puntal, y poder realizar de esta manera, una propuesta que desarrolle una investigación de tipo aplicativa, experimental y visual de pavimentos flexibles, puentes y estado de la señalización en la vía, teniendo en cuenta los lineamientos del manual de inspección visual de pavimentos flexibles y puentes de INVIAS así como el manual de señalización vial 2015, efectuando la identificación y clasificación correspondiente a cada uno de los tipos de patologías que se presentan en los distintos tramos del pavimento y su grado de severidad en los formatos establecidos para ello; para la realización en campo se debe de tener en cuenta un abscisado cada 100m, posteriormente se lleva a cabo la toma, y el registro de los datos señalizando las zonas ya evaluadas y haciendo su respectivo registro fotográfico nombrado con su abscisa correspondiente. Con esta inspección vial se establece un criterio para sugerir soluciones que faciliten el mejoramiento de un determinado tramo de la red vial de manera tal que se pueda obtener un plan de mejora que plasme las posibles causas que ocasionaron los daños o deterioros del pavimento, y de esta manera proceder a investigar los posibles procesos de reparación y mejora de la variante La Romelia-el pollo, en la cual a partir de lo investigado se determinó que se presentan condiciones favorables para el tránsito y circulación de la misma, ya que solo se presenta un área total de afectación de 369.82 m2 , lo que corresponde al 0.93% del área total inspeccionada, siendo la fisura en bloque la patología más representativa, de manera similar en el puente inspeccionado “Puente Otún” no se presentan daños significativos que representen un riesgo para la estructura, mientras que para la señalización horizontal hay deficiencia en cuanto a líneas de demarcación vial, y para el caso de señalización vertical ausencia y mal estado de señales SP, SR, SI, delineadores de curva horizontal y defensas metálicas.Several factors affect the behavior of pavements and roads, among them, are the loads imposed by traffic, the environmental conditions to which the structure is subjected, the type of soil or foundation terrain, among other elements. that affect the deterioration and poor condition of the material, which makes it susceptible to different damages such as cracks, potholes, deformations, loss of structural layers, surface damage, and others, that is why it is necessary to measure and record the structural deteriorations that occur in The roads help us to consult the possible causes of the damage in a specific way, and to be able to carry out in this way, a proposal that develops an application, experimental and visual investigation of flexible pavements, bridges and the state of the signaling on the road, taking into account the guidelines of the visual inspection manual of flexible pavements and bridges of INVIAS, carrying out the identification and classification ón corresponding to each of the visits made in the field of the types of pathologies that occur in the different sections of the pavement and their degree of severity in a format for the inspection of flexible pavement; to carry out it in the field, an abscissa must be taken into account every 100m, according to the study section, then the taking is carried out, and the data recording is carried out, marking the areas already evaluated and making their respective photographic record naming with their corresponding abscissa. With this road inspection, a criterion is established to suggest solutions that facilitate the improvement of a certain section of the road network in such a way that an improvement plan can be obtained that reflects the possible causes that caused the damage or deterioration of the pavement, and of In this way, proceed to investigate the possible repair and improvement processes of the La Romelia-el pollo variant, in which, based on what was investigated, it was determined that there are favorable conditions for its transit and circulation, since it only occurs a total affected area of 369.82 m2, which corresponds to 0.93% of the total inspected area, the block crack being the most representative pathology, similarly in the inspected bridge “Puente Otún” there are no significant damages that represent a risk for the structure, while for horizontal signage there is a deficiency in terms of road demarcation lines, and for the case of vertical signage the absence and poor condition of SP, SR, SI signals, horizontal curve delineators and metal fenders

Características existentes de la radio protección y sus factores influyentes en los efectos nocivos

El abordaje de términos como la Radioprotección conllevan a un amplio de conceptos como factores influyentes y sus efectos, además de la aplicación ética de la práctica radiológica y lo que esta encierra. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal describir cuáles son las características existentes de la radio protección y cuáles son los factores influyentes en los efectos nocivos. Para el abordaje del tema de estudio y sus principales categorías se tuvo en cuenta artículos de investigación de diferentes revistas y fuentes confiables mediante el motor de búsqueda Google académico (Redalyc, Elsevier, Scielo entre otras). Las categorías emergentes dentro del estudio fueron: Efectos de la radiación, Elementos de protección, Factores influyentes, Disciplinas asociadas, Tipos de imágenes diagnósticas, Dosimetría. La línea de investigación salud pública, el diseño es no experimental con un enfoque cualitativo, nivel descriptivo de corte: Transversal, la muestra fueron 10 artículos y la técnica guía de observación, teoría fundamentada. Dentro de los resultados emergentes se identificó que el abordaje de elementos de protección requiere de limitación o enfoque, dado que establece un campo ocupacional más asociado a elementos de protección personal y otro enfoque es el conocimiento profesional el cual se considera la mejor fuente de protección dado que aún no se establece a parte de los principios dosimétricos unas características estándares de la radiación ionizante sino que se justifican bajo cada caso específico y la información sociodemográfica de cada campo de aplicación.The approach to terms such as Radioprotection lead to a wide range of concepts such as influential factors and their effects, as well as the ethical application of radiological practice and what it entails. The main objective of this study is to describe what are the existing characteristics of radio protection and what are the influential factors in the harmful effects. To approach the subject of study and its main categories, research articles from different journals and reliable sources were taken into account through the Google Academic search engine (Redalyc, Elsevier, Scielo among others). The emerging categories within the study were: Effects of radiation, Protection elements, influencing factors, associated disciplines, Types of diagnostic images, Dosimetry. The public health research line, the design is non-experimental with a qualitative approach, descriptive cut level: Cross-sectional, the sample was 10 articles and the observation guide technique, grounded theory. Among the emerging results, it was identified that the approach to protection elements requires limitation or focus, since it establishes an occupational field more associated with personal protection elements and another approach is professional knowledge, which is considered the best source of protection given Apart from the dosimetric principles, some standard characteristics of ionizing radiation have not yet been established, but are justified under each specific case and the sociodemographic information of each field of application

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Azimuthal separation in nearly back-to-back jet topologies in inclusive 2-and 3-jet events in pp collisions at root s=13TeV

A measurement for inclusive 2- and 3-jet events of the azimuthal correlation between the two jets with the largest transverse momenta, Delta phi(12), is presented. The measurement considers events where the two leading jets are nearly collinear ("back-to-back") in the transverse plane and is performed for several ranges of the leading jet transverse momentum. Proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1) are used. Predictions based on calculations using matrix elements at leading-order and next-to-leading-order accuracy in perturbative quantum chromodynamics supplemented with leading-log parton showers and hadronization are generally in agreement with themeasurements. Discrepancies between the measurement and theoretical predictions are as large as 15%, mainly in the region 177 degrees <Delta phi(12) <180 degrees. The 2- and 3-jet measurements are not simultaneously described by any of models.Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe