65 research outputs found
Changes in the blood-gas status of sheep with experimentally induced heartwater
The blood-gas status of seven sheep with experimentally induced heartwater during the acute and terminal
stages was investigated. Changes in blood gas included a decline in arterial oxygen tension (pO₂)
combined with a respiratory alkalosis. Although the sheep became hypoxaemic, blood-gas changes
associated with respiratory failure were not observed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201
Further studies on the clinical pathology of sweating sickness in cattle
Experimentally-induced cases of sweating sickness in calves were used in an effort to correlate the blood chemistry with some of the known pathological changes. Results showed that the "sweating" associated with necrotic dermatitis did not alter blood electrolyte levels. Laboratory evidence of a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was found which correlated with the microthrombi described in cases of sweating sickness. A high blood cortisol level was found in one of the animals that died from the disease and could possibly be used as a prognostic indicator in clinical cases. Recommendations are made with regard to the supportive treatment based on the clinical pathological findings.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201
The clinical pathology of heartwater. Ill. Changes in blood clotting, blood calcium, blood protein, haematocrit and white-cell counts in sheep with experimentally induced heartwater
Studies to evaluate changes in blood clotting, blood calcium and protein, the haematocrit and white-cell
counts were undertaken in seven sheep with experimentally induced heartwater. A marked decline in
thrombocyte count was recorded during the acute stage of the disease. This was associated with increases
in both prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ; fibrinogen increased
while there was no detectable increase in fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). At the same
time total serum protein (TSP) , albumin and globulin dropped very sharply; total calcium showed a progressive
drop but ionized calcium rose initially and was followed by a terminal decline. The total leucocyte
count showed a terminal increase while the haematocrit dropped progressively.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201
The clinical pathology of heartwater. I. Haematology and blood chemistry
Clinical pathological studies were undertaken in 5 calves with experimentally-induced heartwater. The most important findings include a progressive anaemia which may be associated with bone marrow depression and fluctuations in the total and differential white cell count, of which an eosinopenia and a lymphocytosis were the most marked. A severe drop in serum protein, especially in the albumin levels, was observed in all 5 cases . This disease is probably associated with an increased capillary permeability, as the protein content of the pericardial fluid in 1 case that died, approximated that of the serum. The osmolality of the effused fluid was also higher than that of the blood. No significant changes in the serum electrolyte levels occurred, except for total calcium levels which tended to decrease to below normal during the acute stage of the disease. Marked increases in total bilirubin were recorded. This, however, was not associated with liver pathology or haemolysis and may possibly be ascribed to a fasting hyperbilirubinaemia. Darkening of plasma colour was associated with peak rises in total biluribin. Increases in both blood urea and creatinine levels indicate interference with renal glomerular filtration during the acute stage of the disease.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201
Some physiopathological features of experimental Homeria glauca (Wood & Evans) N. E. Br. poisoning in Merino sheep
Five Merino sheep were dosed 3 g/kg of dry, finely-milled Homeria glauca (Natal yellow tulp) plant material. An electrocardiogram was recorded and the arterial and central venous blood pressure, blood gases, haematological variables, plasma electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, PO₄²⁻) and a variety of serum enzymes and chemical constituents were measured hourly until death (3 sheep) or until sheep were in extremis (2 sheep). Heart rate rose progressively as a result of sinus and, later, ventricular tachycardia. Systolic blood pressure rose, but there was little change in the mean and diastolic arterial pressures and central venous pressure. There was progressive hypoxaemia, hypercarbia and acidaemia with depletion of plasma bicarbonate. Haemoconcentration, hyperkalaemia and hypochloraemia were found along with rising serum creatinine and plasma glucose. Rises in serum enzymes indicated widespread tissue damage. Electrocardiographic recordings were being made at the moment of death in 3 of the 5 sheep. In these 3 sheep the cause of death was ventricular fibrillation.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Department of Agriculture, RSA
Serum- and bone-mineral status of ostriches with tibiotarsal rotation
Tibiotarsal rotation in ostrich chicks is a serious problem that accounts for considerable financial loss to ostrich farmers. Serum- and bone-mineral analyses of 20 ostrich chicks with tibiotarsal rotation were compared with serum- and bone-mineral analyses of eight normal ostrich chicks of comparable age, sex and body mass, and raised under identical conditions. The serum-zinc values were significantly higher and the bone-calcium and phosphorus values significantly lower in the affected group than in the group of normal ostrich chicks. The results indicated poor mineralization of bone with subsequent reactive osteoid formation.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiles of urinary organic acids in healthy captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
In captivity, cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) frequently suffer from several unusual chronic
diseases that rarely occur in their free-ranging counterparts. In order to develop a better
understanding of their metabolism and health we documented the urine organic acids of 41
apparently healthy captive cheetahs, in an untargeted metabolomic study, using gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 339 organic acids were detected and
annotated. Phenolic compounds, thought to be produced by the anaerobic fermentation of
aromatic amino acids in the distal colon, as well as their corresponding glycine conjugates,
were present in high concentrations. The most abundant organic acids in the cheetahs urine
were an as yet unidentified compound and a novel cadaverine metabolite, tentatively
identified as N1,N5-dimethylpentane-1,5-diamine. Pantothenic acid and citramalic acid
concentrations correlated negatively with age, while glutaric acid concentrations correlated
positively with age, suggesting possible dysregulation of coenzyme A metabolism in older
cheetahs. This study provides a baseline of urine organic acid reference values in captive
cheetahs and suggests important avenues for future research in this species.The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, the
AfriCat Foundation and North West University.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/chromb2018-04-30hb2017Paraclinical Science
Experimental studies with Strongyloides papillosus in goats
Unusual clinical and pathological observations in the field in goats and sheep suffering from Strongyloides
papillosus infection prompted experimental work on this parasite. Goats were infected percutaneously
with either single or multiple, low or high levels of S. papillosus. Young goats up to 12 months
of age were found to be the most susceptible. Some animals, however, showed substantial resistance
to infective doses. Clinical signs included transient diarrhoea, misshapen, elongated faecal pellets
terminally, dehydration, anorexia, cachexia, gnashing of teeth, foaming at the mouth, anaemia and
nervous signs such as ataxia, a wide-based stance, stupor and nystagmus. A 'pushing syndrome'
was seen in 22 % of the animals. The pathological changes are described and included enteritis, status
spongiosus in the brain, hepatosis leading to rupture of the liver, nephrosis, pulmonary oedema,
interstitial pneumonia and pneumonia. About 6 % of the goats died acutely from fatal hepatic rupture.
The development of an acquired immunity was determined. The immunity elicited an allergic skin reaction
at the application site of larvae or injection sites of larval metabolites. This immunity, however,
could be breached by large doses of larvae.
The most profound clinicopathological changes induced by the parasites were an anaemia (most
pronounced in the young goats) and hypophosphataemia.
Trace element analyses provided evidence of Cu, Mn and possibly Se deficiencies in some goats.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
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1st Conference of African Animal Health Information Workers, 3-5 July 1995, Onderstepoort, South Africa
Article was scanned with HP Scanjet 5590, 24-bit true colour, 300 dpi, saved in TIFF-format.
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