12 research outputs found
OpenMOLE, a workflow engine specifically tailored for the distributed exploration of simulation models
International audienceComplex-systems describe multiple levels of collective structure and organization. In such systems, the emergence of global behaviour from local interactions is generally studied through large scale experiments on numerical models. This analysis generates important computation loads which require the use of multi-core servers, clusters or grid computing. Dealing with such large scale executions is especially challenging for modellers who don't possess the theoretical and methodological skills required to take advantage of high performance computing environments. That's why we have designed a cloud approach for model experimentation. This approach has been implemented in OpenMOLE (Open MOdel Experiment) as a Domain Specific Language (DSL) that leverages the naturally parallel aspect of model experiments. The OpenMOLE DSL has been designed to explore user-supplied models. It delegates transparently their numerous executions to remote execution environment. From a user perspective, those environments are viewed as services providing computing power, therefore no technical detail is ever exposed. This paper presents the OpenMOLE DSL through the example of a toy model exploration and through the automated calibration of a real-world complex system model in the field of geography
A modular modelling framework for hypotheses testing in the simulation of urbanisation
In this paper, we present a modelling experiment developed to study systems
of cities and processes of urbanisation in large territories over long time
spans. Building on geographical theories of urban evolution, we rely on
agent-based models to 1/ formalise complementary and alternative hypotheses of
urbanisation and 2/ explore their ability to simulate observed patterns in a
virtual laboratory. The paper is therefore divided into two sections : an
overview of the mechanisms implemented to represent competing hypotheses used
to simulate urban evolution; and an evaluation of the resulting model
structures in their ability to simulate - efficiently and parsimoniously - a
system of cities (the Former Soviet Union) over several periods of time (before
and after the crash of the USSR). We do so using a modular framework of
model-building and evolutionary algorithms for the calibration of several model
structures. This project aims at tackling equifinality in systems dynamics by
confronting different mechanisms with similar evaluation criteria. It enables
the identification of the best-performing models with respect to the chosen
criteria by scanning automatically the parameter along with the space of model
structures (as combinations of modelled dynamics).Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, working pape
The Importance of Being Hybrid for Spatial Epidemic Models: A Multi-Scale Approach
International audienceThis work addresses the spread of a disease within an urban system, defined as a network of interconnected cities. The first step consists of comparing two different approaches: a macroscopic one, based on a system of coupled Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) systems exploiting populations on nodes and flows on edges (so-called metapopulational model), and a hybrid one, coupling ODE SIR systems on nodes and agents traveling on edges. Under homogeneous conditions (mean field approximation), this comparison leads to similar results on the outputs on which we focus (the maximum intensity of the epidemic, its duration and the time of the epidemic peak). However, when it comes to setting up epidemic control strategies, results rapidly diverge between the two approaches, and it appears that the full macroscopic model is not completely adapted to these questions. In this paper, we focus on some control strategies, which are quarantine, avoidance and risk culture, to explore the differences, advantages and disadvantages of the two models and discuss the importance of being hybrid when modeling and simulating epidemic spread at the level of a whole urban system
: Recueil de fiches peÌdagogiques du reÌseau MAPS
DoctoralLe reÌseau theÌmatique MAPS «ModeÌlisation multi-Agent appliqueÌe aux PheÌnomeÌnes SpatialiseÌs » propose depuis 2009 des eÌveÌnements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modeÌlisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de lâHomme et de la SocieÌteÌ (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, dâenseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labelliseÌ en tant que âȘ reÌseau theÌmatique » par le ReÌseau National des SysteÌmes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et beÌneÌficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s au cours d'Ă©vĂ©nements MAPS. Ces modĂšles ont fait l'objet de fiches pĂ©dagogiques dĂ©taillĂ©es destineÌes aux communauteÌs eÌducatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire deÌcouvrir la modeÌlisation aÌ leurs eÌtudiants, mais aussi aÌ ceux qui envisagent dâapprofondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont eÌgalement destineÌes aÌ tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient deÌcouvrir ce que la modeÌlisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue opeÌrationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les reÌflexions scientifiques sur la modeÌlisation et la simulation qui ont preÌsideÌ aÌ la reÌdaction de ces fiches
ESCAPE: Exploring by Simulation Cities Awareness on Population Evacuation
International audiencePartial or total horizontal evacuation of populations in urban areas is an important protection measure against a natural or technological risk. However, casualties during massive displacement in a context of stress and in a potentially degraded environment may be high due to non-compliance with instructions, accidents, traffic jams, incivilities, lack of preparation of civil security or increased exposure to hazards. Working in evacuation plans is therefore fundamental in avoiding casualties caused by improvisation and in promoting self-evacuation whenever possible. Since it is impossible to recreate the conditions of a crisis on the ground to assess such evacuation plans, there is a need for realistic models in order to evaluate them using simulations. In this paper, we present the ESCAPE software framework that helps in the development of such plans and testing them. In particular, ESCAPE, which uses the GAMA open-source platform as a core component, provides an agent-based simulation tool that supports simulation of the evacuation of a city's population at fine temporal and geographical scales. The framework was developed such that it works for a wide range of scenarios, both in terms of hazards, geographical configurations, individual behaviors and crisis management. In order to show its adaptability, two applications are presented, one concerning the evacuation of the city of Rouen (France) in the context of a technological hazard and the other pertaining to the evacuation of the district of Hanoi (Vietnam) in the event of floods
Retour d'expérience de l'école OpenMOLE "ExModelo", organisée en partenariat avec le méso-centre du CRIANN
International audienceOpenMOLE (Reuillon et al., 2013) est une plateforme dâexploration automatique de modĂšles numĂ©riques. Elle permet dâĂ©tudier des programmes dĂ©veloppĂ©s dans une trĂšs large gamme de langages. OpenMOLE permet aussi de distribuer la charge de calcul sur la plupart des environnements de calcul (serveur, clusters, grille de calcul, cloud). La description de ces expĂ©riences sont dĂ©crits Ă lâaide DSL Ă destination dâutilisateurs non-informaticiens et non-spĂ©cialistes des environnements HPC. Alors que cette plateforme fĂȘte sa 10Ăšme release saluĂ© par une communautĂ© dâutilisateur en forte croissance, un nouveau pas vient dâĂȘtre franchi avec lâorganisation en 2019 dâune premiĂšre Ă©cole dâĂ©tĂ© dĂ©diĂ©e Ă âlâexploration de modĂšlesâ. Durant la formation, la plateforme et lâĂ©cosystĂšme de mĂ©thodes dâexploration qui lâaccompagne sont utilisĂ©s de maniĂšre intensive. Les travaux pratiques mettent en oeuvre lâexploration dâun modĂšle âjouetâ de dynamiques complexes dĂ©veloppĂ© pour lâoccasion. Il sâagit dâun modĂšle multi-agent spatialisĂ© de type proie/prĂ©dateur sur la thĂ©matique des zombies. Les apprenants pourront dĂ©couvrir lâusage et la spĂ©cificitĂ© de chacune des mĂ©thodes dâexplorations intĂ©grĂ©s dans la plateforme de façon interactive : analyses de sensibilitĂ© (Saltelli, Morris), calibrage et optimisation (Profiles, NSGA2, ABC), diversitĂ© (PSE). Lors des deux derniers jours, les participants sont invitĂ©s Ă formuler des questions sur le modĂšle de Zombies et Ă en proposer une Ă©tude en utilisant les outils dĂ©couverts les jours prĂ©cĂ©dents. La mise en oeuvre rapide de ces mĂ©thodes nâĂ©tant possible quâavec lâappui dâun environnement HPC, un partenariat avec lâUMR IDEES et le mĂ©so-centre Normand du CRIANN a Ă©tĂ© mis en place pour assurer un accĂšs rapide aux ressources de calcul nĂ©cessaires (1000 coeurs / 25 participants) pour les explorations menĂ©es pendant les 5 jours dâĂ©cole. DĂ©veloppĂ© avant tout pour accĂ©der Ă des ressources de type grille, OpenMOLE sâest constamment adaptĂ© pour offrir des connecteurs capable de suivre lâoffre croissante et trĂšs diversifiĂ©e en environnements de calcul. Il sâagit dâajouter Ă la fois des nouveaux connecteurs (PBS, SLURM, etc.) mais aussi de nouveaux moyens dâencapsulation et de dĂ©ploiement des programmes utilisateurs (Kubernetes, UDocker, PRoot, etc.). La collaboration entre les deux Ă©quipes du CRIANN et dâOpenMOLE sâinscrit dans ce cadre. BĂ©nĂ©fique pour les deux parties, elle a permis de soulever et rĂ©soudre des points de blocages reprĂ©sentatifs des diversitĂ©s de pratiques qui peuvent exister sur le plan matĂ©riel et logiciels (Fortran/C vs Java/R/Python) entre les deux communautĂ©s (Grille / Cluster). Dans cette prĂ©sentation nous proposons de faire une synthĂšse des rĂ©sultats obtenus par les groupes sur le modĂšle jouet, ainsi quâun retour sur cette collaboration originale entre les deux Ă©quipes techniques dâOpenMOLE et du CRIANN.Reuillon, R., Leclaire, M., and Rey-Coyrehourcq, S. (2013). Openmole, a workflow engine specifically tailored for the distributed exploration of simulation models. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(8):1981â1990