12 research outputs found

    OpenMOLE, a workflow engine specifically tailored for the distributed exploration of simulation models

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    International audienceComplex-systems describe multiple levels of collective structure and organization. In such systems, the emergence of global behaviour from local interactions is generally studied through large scale experiments on numerical models. This analysis generates important computation loads which require the use of multi-core servers, clusters or grid computing. Dealing with such large scale executions is especially challenging for modellers who don't possess the theoretical and methodological skills required to take advantage of high performance computing environments. That's why we have designed a cloud approach for model experimentation. This approach has been implemented in OpenMOLE (Open MOdel Experiment) as a Domain Specific Language (DSL) that leverages the naturally parallel aspect of model experiments. The OpenMOLE DSL has been designed to explore user-supplied models. It delegates transparently their numerous executions to remote execution environment. From a user perspective, those environments are viewed as services providing computing power, therefore no technical detail is ever exposed. This paper presents the OpenMOLE DSL through the example of a toy model exploration and through the automated calibration of a real-world complex system model in the field of geography

    A modular modelling framework for hypotheses testing in the simulation of urbanisation

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    In this paper, we present a modelling experiment developed to study systems of cities and processes of urbanisation in large territories over long time spans. Building on geographical theories of urban evolution, we rely on agent-based models to 1/ formalise complementary and alternative hypotheses of urbanisation and 2/ explore their ability to simulate observed patterns in a virtual laboratory. The paper is therefore divided into two sections : an overview of the mechanisms implemented to represent competing hypotheses used to simulate urban evolution; and an evaluation of the resulting model structures in their ability to simulate - efficiently and parsimoniously - a system of cities (the Former Soviet Union) over several periods of time (before and after the crash of the USSR). We do so using a modular framework of model-building and evolutionary algorithms for the calibration of several model structures. This project aims at tackling equifinality in systems dynamics by confronting different mechanisms with similar evaluation criteria. It enables the identification of the best-performing models with respect to the chosen criteria by scanning automatically the parameter along with the space of model structures (as combinations of modelled dynamics).Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, working pape

    The Importance of Being Hybrid for Spatial Epidemic Models: A Multi-Scale Approach

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    International audienceThis work addresses the spread of a disease within an urban system, defined as a network of interconnected cities. The first step consists of comparing two different approaches: a macroscopic one, based on a system of coupled Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) systems exploiting populations on nodes and flows on edges (so-called metapopulational model), and a hybrid one, coupling ODE SIR systems on nodes and agents traveling on edges. Under homogeneous conditions (mean field approximation), this comparison leads to similar results on the outputs on which we focus (the maximum intensity of the epidemic, its duration and the time of the epidemic peak). However, when it comes to setting up epidemic control strategies, results rapidly diverge between the two approaches, and it appears that the full macroscopic model is not completely adapted to these questions. In this paper, we focus on some control strategies, which are quarantine, avoidance and risk culture, to explore the differences, advantages and disadvantages of the two models and discuss the importance of being hybrid when modeling and simulating epidemic spread at the level of a whole urban system

    : Recueil de fiches pédagogiques du réseau MAPS

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    DoctoralLe réseau thématique MAPS «Modélisation multi-Agent appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés » propose depuis 2009 des évènements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modélisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, d’enseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labellisé en tant que â‰Ș réseau thématique » par le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et bénéficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s au cours d'Ă©vĂ©nements MAPS. Ces modĂšles ont fait l'objet de fiches pĂ©dagogiques dĂ©taillĂ©es destinées aux communautés éducatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire découvrir la modélisation à leurs étudiants, mais aussi à ceux qui envisagent d’approfondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont également destinées à tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient découvrir ce que la modélisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue opérationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les réflexions scientifiques sur la modélisation et la simulation qui ont présidé à la rédaction de ces fiches

    Gen*

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    Gen* is an open-source Java library to generate realistic synthetic populatio

    SPLL

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    Synthetic Population Localization Librar

    SPIN

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    Synthetic Population Interaction Networ

    GOSPL

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    Generation of Synthetic Population Librar

    ESCAPE: Exploring by Simulation Cities Awareness on Population Evacuation

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    International audiencePartial or total horizontal evacuation of populations in urban areas is an important protection measure against a natural or technological risk. However, casualties during massive displacement in a context of stress and in a potentially degraded environment may be high due to non-compliance with instructions, accidents, traffic jams, incivilities, lack of preparation of civil security or increased exposure to hazards. Working in evacuation plans is therefore fundamental in avoiding casualties caused by improvisation and in promoting self-evacuation whenever possible. Since it is impossible to recreate the conditions of a crisis on the ground to assess such evacuation plans, there is a need for realistic models in order to evaluate them using simulations. In this paper, we present the ESCAPE software framework that helps in the development of such plans and testing them. In particular, ESCAPE, which uses the GAMA open-source platform as a core component, provides an agent-based simulation tool that supports simulation of the evacuation of a city's population at fine temporal and geographical scales. The framework was developed such that it works for a wide range of scenarios, both in terms of hazards, geographical configurations, individual behaviors and crisis management. In order to show its adaptability, two applications are presented, one concerning the evacuation of the city of Rouen (France) in the context of a technological hazard and the other pertaining to the evacuation of the district of Hanoi (Vietnam) in the event of floods

    Retour d'expérience de l'école OpenMOLE "ExModelo", organisée en partenariat avec le méso-centre du CRIANN

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    International audienceOpenMOLE (Reuillon et al., 2013) est une plateforme d’exploration automatique de modĂšles numĂ©riques. Elle permet d’étudier des programmes dĂ©veloppĂ©s dans une trĂšs large gamme de langages. OpenMOLE permet aussi de distribuer la charge de calcul sur la plupart des environnements de calcul (serveur, clusters, grille de calcul, cloud). La description de ces expĂ©riences sont dĂ©crits Ă  l’aide DSL Ă  destination d’utilisateurs non-informaticiens et non-spĂ©cialistes des environnements HPC. Alors que cette plateforme fĂȘte sa 10Ăšme release saluĂ© par une communautĂ© d’utilisateur en forte croissance, un nouveau pas vient d’ĂȘtre franchi avec l’organisation en 2019 d’une premiĂšre Ă©cole d’étĂ© dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  “l’exploration de modĂšles”. Durant la formation, la plateforme et l’écosystĂšme de mĂ©thodes d’exploration qui l’accompagne sont utilisĂ©s de maniĂšre intensive. Les travaux pratiques mettent en oeuvre l’exploration d’un modĂšle “jouet” de dynamiques complexes dĂ©veloppĂ© pour l’occasion. Il s’agit d’un modĂšle multi-agent spatialisĂ© de type proie/prĂ©dateur sur la thĂ©matique des zombies. Les apprenants pourront dĂ©couvrir l’usage et la spĂ©cificitĂ© de chacune des mĂ©thodes d’explorations intĂ©grĂ©s dans la plateforme de façon interactive : analyses de sensibilitĂ© (Saltelli, Morris), calibrage et optimisation (Profiles, NSGA2, ABC), diversitĂ© (PSE). Lors des deux derniers jours, les participants sont invitĂ©s Ă  formuler des questions sur le modĂšle de Zombies et Ă  en proposer une Ă©tude en utilisant les outils dĂ©couverts les jours prĂ©cĂ©dents. La mise en oeuvre rapide de ces mĂ©thodes n’étant possible qu’avec l’appui d’un environnement HPC, un partenariat avec l’UMR IDEES et le mĂ©so-centre Normand du CRIANN a Ă©tĂ© mis en place pour assurer un accĂšs rapide aux ressources de calcul nĂ©cessaires (1000 coeurs / 25 participants) pour les explorations menĂ©es pendant les 5 jours d’école. DĂ©veloppĂ© avant tout pour accĂ©der Ă  des ressources de type grille, OpenMOLE s’est constamment adaptĂ© pour offrir des connecteurs capable de suivre l’offre croissante et trĂšs diversifiĂ©e en environnements de calcul. Il s’agit d’ajouter Ă  la fois des nouveaux connecteurs (PBS, SLURM, etc.) mais aussi de nouveaux moyens d’encapsulation et de dĂ©ploiement des programmes utilisateurs (Kubernetes, UDocker, PRoot, etc.). La collaboration entre les deux Ă©quipes du CRIANN et d’OpenMOLE s’inscrit dans ce cadre. BĂ©nĂ©fique pour les deux parties, elle a permis de soulever et rĂ©soudre des points de blocages reprĂ©sentatifs des diversitĂ©s de pratiques qui peuvent exister sur le plan matĂ©riel et logiciels (Fortran/C vs Java/R/Python) entre les deux communautĂ©s (Grille / Cluster). Dans cette prĂ©sentation nous proposons de faire une synthĂšse des rĂ©sultats obtenus par les groupes sur le modĂšle jouet, ainsi qu’un retour sur cette collaboration originale entre les deux Ă©quipes techniques d’OpenMOLE et du CRIANN.Reuillon, R., Leclaire, M., and Rey-Coyrehourcq, S. (2013). Openmole, a workflow engine specifically tailored for the distributed exploration of simulation models. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(8):1981–1990
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