Negritos de Cebu

This study was conducted to describe the different and changing livelihood and resource management strategies of migrant Aetas in Cebu, utilizing mini-ethnographic study methods namely observations, field notes, interviews, analysis of secondary documents and immersions.  The Aetas in Naga, Cebu were originally from Antique then moved down to Barotac Viejo in Iloilo and northern Negros sugar haciendas before settling in Naga, Cebu. From being hunter-gatherers and Swidden agriculturists, they gradually shifted to wage work, men adapted to working in construction sites and women selling basic forest products like charcoal and medicinal herbs. In the process, the different individual and household livelihood conservation approaches were analyzed taking into account specific patterns of resource mobilization and livelihood. Through this migration movement, Aeta women and men experimented with different livelihood strategies. This type of evolution, with wage employment, subsistence farming and dependence on natural resources from the forest, was continued in their resettled area by maintaining contacts with other Aeta groups, which opted to remain in their original abode even in situations of fast-changing environmental changes of degradation and precarious peace and order. This is also expressed in their set of traditions and belief system related resource management. The migrants are undergoing communal changes but are also able to maintain a sense of continuity by maintaining their mobility and being flexible in their livelihood strategies and agro-forestry practices. These are in continuous change which can be supported by developmental interventions. &nbsp

Retrospective analyses of dogs found serologically positive for Ehrlichia canis in Cebu, Philippines from 2003 to 2014

Aim: The study aimed to document the clinical and hematological observations of dogs found serologically positive for Ehrlichia canis and to identify parameters or factors that are associated with the disease with focus on the anemic and thrombocytopenic state of the infected dogs. Materials and Methods: From 7 participating veterinary establishments, a total of 913 cases from 2003 to 2014 were initially assessed using inclusion criteria, including E. canis diagnosis by the attending veterinarian and the presence of ticks or history of infestation, thrombocytopenia, and/or anemia. From these, 438 cases that were found serologically positive for E. canis using commercial test kits were selected. Profile, clinical observations and hematological test results were obtained from the selected cases. Computations for statistical associations between the anemic and thrombocytopenic state of the infected dogs and their profile, observed clinical signs and other hematological values were performed. Results: Most of the dogs were purebred (60.0%) and female (51.1%) and were within the age range of 1-5 years (38.4%). The mean packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelet count were lower than the normal values while the absolute count of basophils were higher than normal values. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) appear to be elevated. The most common clinical signs observed were inappetence (41.3%), lethargy/depression (35.6%), vomiting (32.4%), fever (18.5%), paleness (8.2%), and epistaxis (6.6%). Analyses showed that there were no significant differences on the hematological values and clinical signs between thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic seropositive dogs. Moreover, very weak correlations between platelet count and RBC count, absolute lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count were found. On the other hand, only paleness (p=0.008) and epistaxis (p=0.004) were found to be significantly different between anemic and non-anemic patients. This coincided with the linear regression results where PCV (p=0.000, R=0.787, R2=0.619) was moderately correlated with the RBC count. In addition, eosinophil count was found weakly correlated. Conclusion: E. canis infection in dogs may produce varied clinical signs that may be influenced by the thrombocytopenic and anemic states of affected animals. Complete blood counts remain important in the diagnosis of the disease, especially the platelet and RBC counts. Creatinine, BUN and alanine aminotransferase can be of value in the diagnosis of the infection. Several cases were lost to follow-up and appeared to be a challenge for handling veterinarians to monitor compliance of owners and progress of infected patients