Similarities and differences between two cohorts of young adults in Italy

The paper analyses the results of a CATI survey, consisting on a representative national sample of 3083 young people of two different generations: the 23-27th and the 33-37th in the first half of 2004. The analysis is particularly targeted at the oldest cohort and investigates on the late transition to adulthood and its effect on fertility. We wonder whether Italian situation is converging to the European one. We also analyse the transition processes to all the events of the "life course" as interrelating mechanisms, where each process is the premise for the next step, but where all are probably considered indispensable for choosing to have a child. The results suggest a diffusion of new family forms among youth but a persistent delay in family formation.delay of family formation, Italy, transition to adulthood

Adolescent childbearing experiences in Kenya: geographical and socioeconomic determinants

Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest level of teenage pregnancies in the world. Some studies on this topic highlight the presence of unmet reproductive health needs of adolescent in different regions. Improving maternal health has been established as a key development priority among the Millennium Development Goals, and upgrading reproductive and maternal health is usually associated with the eradication of inequality and poverty and with the presence of health care programs and services devoted to girls’ education. We attempt to investigate the geographical and socioeconomic determinants of both teenage pregnancies and maternal health behaviours among adolescent women in Kenya. We ascertain the influence of the availability of health care facilities mainly oriented to the specific needs of reproductive health. Main data are represented by 2003 Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey. In addition, the DHS data set collects Global Positioning System locators for each of the primary sampling units included in the samples that enable a deep geographical analysis. We perform a multivariate multilevel analysis to estimate the influence that individual, household, and community-level factors have on the risk of adolescent childbearing. Additionally, a spatial component allows for the presence and proximity of maternal health services. We expect that the availability of reproductive health facilities acts together with levels of socio-economic development, individual and household characteristics and community fertility norms, in influencing individual reproductive behavior at very young ages.Kenya, gravidanze adolescenziali, salute materna, strutture sanitarie, modelli multilivello Kenya, teenage pregnancy, maternal health, health facilities, multilevel modelling, millennium development goals

Uomini e seconde unioni in Italia

This paper investigate individual characteristic influencing the risk to engage a new relationship after a union disruption for Italians men. In particular, we analyze the transition from first union and the successive one, for both marriage and cohabitation. Among other characteristics we stress on the effect of son on repartnering possibility and territorial differences . Presence of son are mainly investigated in the analysis of women repartnering but we find that also for men children from previous unions induce a decrease on the risk to engage a new relationship. The decreasing effect on the risk estimates show a temporal dependency with stronger relationship for new union beginning more than two year after first disruption. Our tested hypothesis is that temporal dynamics depend on the way man could be considered the “principal actor” in taking the decision of interrupt first union or suffer this decision

Adolescent childbearing experiences in Kenya : geographical and socioeconomic determinants

Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest level of teenage pregnancies in the world. Some studies on this topic highlight the presence of unmet reproductive health needs of adolescent in different regions. Improving maternal health has been established as a key development priority among the Millennium Development Goals, and upgrading reproductive and maternal health is usually associated with the eradication of inequality and poverty and with the presence of health care programs and services devoted to girls’ education. We attempt to investigate the geographical and socioeconomic determinants of both teenage pregnancies and maternal health behaviours among adolescent women in Kenya. We ascertain the influence of the availability of health care facilities mainly oriented to the specific needs of reproductive health. Main data are represented by 2003 Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey. In addition, the DHS data set collects Global Positioning System locators for each of the primary sampling units included in the samples that enable a deep geographical analysis. We perform a multivariate multilevel analysis to estimate the influence that individual, household, and community-level factors have on the risk of adolescent childbearing. Additionally, a spatial component allows for the presence and proximity of maternal health services. We expect that the availability of reproductive health facilities acts together with levels of socio-economic development, individual and household characteristics and community fertility norms, in influencing individual reproductive behavior at very young ages

Longevity pattern in Emilia Romagna (Italy) in a dynamic perspective

In this paper, we investigate the pattern of longevity during the last 15 years in Emilia Romagna, a North-Eastern region of Italy, at a municipality level. We consider a specific index of extreme longevity based on people aged 95 and over in two different periods (1995-1999 and 2005-2009). Spatio-temporal modeling is used to tackle at both periods the random variations in the occurrence of people 95+, due to the increasingly rareness of such events, especially in small areas. This method exploits the spatial proximity and the consequent interaction of the geographical areas to smooth the observations, as well as to control for the effects of a set of regressors. As a result, clusters of areas characterized by high and low indexes of longevity are well identified and the temporal evolution of the phenomenon can be depicted. In a parallel analysis, we consider the past levels of mortality on the same cohort of individuals reaching 95 years and over in the second period and when they were aged 80-89 and 90-99. Within this longitudinal framework, the longevity outcome is modeled by a spatial regression. The area-specific structures of mortality are included as regressors, whose effects represent the causal link between the occurrence of people 95+ and the causes of death in the same cohort

Applicazione di Secure Dynamic Messaging a dispositivi RFID

In Applicazione di Secure Dynamic Messaging a dispositivi RFID si parla delle tecniche che vengono utilizzate per rendere i Tag, in particolare il NTAG 424 DNA Tag Tamper (NT4H2421Tx), interoperabili e sicuri all'interno di sistemi complessi

Educación bilingüe en Argentina – Programas y docentes

Actualmente, existe una gran variedad de programas de educación bilingüe a nivel mundial y Argentina no es una excepción. Allí, la etiqueta “educación bilingüe” suele aplicarse a una amplia gama de programas que abarcan diversas poblaciones y necesidades específicas.El educador se presenta como elemento clave, así como la importancia de su formación docente que, en algunos casos, ha sufrido modificaciones en los últimos años. Estos cambios se han dado de forma paulatina y como consecuencia de políticas educativas que, además, asisten en la búsqueda de docentes con perfiles específicos.Este artículo presenta un estado de la cuestión actualizado en lo referido a los programas considerados “bilingües” en Argentina. Se detallaron los objetivos y alcances de cada uno de los programas. En segundo lugar, se describieron las características de los docentes que se desempeñan en estos contextos y el tipo de formación que reciben en la actualidad. Por último, se analizaron las posibles áreas de convergencia de los programas bilingües en Argentina, a saber, la relación de poder relativa de las lenguas involucradas y las áreas de base de conocimiento que resultan indispensables para enseñar en los diversos programas de educación bilingüe de Argentina.There is a wide variety of bilingual education programmes around the world and Argentina is no exception. In the latter, the label “bilingual education” is applied to a vast range of programmes that cater for diverse populations and specific needs.The teacher is the key constituent among these programmes as well as his/her teacher training programme, which has undergone changes in the last few years. These changes have been implemented in due time and as a consequence of educational policies which, in turn, assist in the search of educators with a specific profile.This article proposes a current state of the art on the situation of the vast range of programmes considered “bilingual” in Argentina. As a starting point, we presented the objectives and main features of the different bilingual programmes. In the second place, we described the characteristics of the teachers who belong in this context and the type of teacher education they receive. Finally, we looked at those areas that can help towards analysing possible points in common between minority and prestigious bilingual programmes, i.e. the power relations of the languages involved in the different programmes and the knowledge that teachers and other staff members on bilingual programmes require

Variations in male height during the epidemiological transition in Italy: A cointegration approach

Background: The historical demography literature has a longstanding interest in establishing a connection between human body development and the living conditions experienced during infancy and childhood. Empirical research on such matters increasingly relies on survival indicators rather than classical economic measures of living standards, as the former are more directly linked to nutritional quality, material well-being levels, and technological development. Objective: We explore the relationship between epidemiological conditions and male adult height variation in Italy to understand if and to what extent progress in survival impacted human body evolution during the epidemiological transition. Methods: By exploiting the national military archive data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics and the Human Mortality Database, we focus on conscript cohorts born between 1872 and 1980 to connect average male height at the recruitment age with the prevailing infant and general survival conditions in the calendar year of conscripts' birth. We adopt an econometric approach based on cointegration analysis to study both the long- and the short-run relationships between the time series of interest. Results: Error correction model estimates find a positive link between epidemiological condition development and the secular increase in male height in Italy. Contribution: In the long run, as the probability of survival at the first birthday and life expectancy at 5 years increase, so does average male height. In the short term, however, we find an estimated inverse relationship between survival and stature, which we interpret as a counterintuitive mechanism of negative selection in the survival of the most fragile individuals both among infants and the general population

The legacy of Corrado Gini in population studies

This volume contains 12 papers that range over many different research subjects, taking in many of the population questions that, directly or indirectly, absorbed Corrado Gini as demographer and social scientist over several decades. They vary from the analysis of the living conditions and behaviours of the growing foreign population (measurements and methods of analysis, socio-economic conditions and health, ethnic residential segregation, sex-ratio at birth), to studies on the homogamy of couples; from population theories (with reference to the cyclical theory of populations) to the modelling approach to estimating mortality in adult ages or estimating time transfers, by age and sex, related to informal child care and adult care; from historical studies that take up themes dear to Gini (such as the estimates of Italian military deaths in WWI), to the application of Gini’s classical measurements to studying significant phenomena today (transition to adulthood and leaving the parental home, health care, disabled persons and social integration). The subjects and measurements that appear here are not intended to exhaust the broad spectrum of Gini’s research work in the demographic and social field (nor could they), but they can make up a part of the intersection between his vast legacy and some interesting topics in current research, some of which were not even imaginable in the mid twentieth century. Looking at the many contributions that celebrated Gini in Treviso and thinking about his legacy, it seems possible to identify at least two typologies of approach, to be found in this issue of the journal, too. On the one hand, there are contributions that aim to retrieve and discuss themes, methodologies and measurements dealt with or used by Gini so as to evaluate their present relevance and importance in the current scholarly debate. On the other, there are contributions that deal with topics that are far from Gini’s work, as they study very recent phenomena, but actually, among other things, make use of methods and indicators devised by Gini that are now so much part of the common currency of methodology, so they don’t require explicit reference to their Author