Pola mRNA Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1a (HIF-1a) dan Exkspresi Protein HIF-1a Ginjal Tikus pada Hipoksia Sistemik Kronik

Ekspresi protein HIF-1a pada organ ginjal dari tikus yang mengalamikondisi hipoksia secara sistemik menggunakan Hypoxic Chamber dengankadar O2 8% dan Nitrogen 92% dan kelompok kontrol pada kondisinormoksia. Pola mRNA HIF-1a dilihat berdasarkan hasil RT-PCR denganmembandingkan rasio kelompok normoksia dan kelompok hipoksia yangmenunjukkan terdapat peningkatan ekspresi mRNA HIF-1a sejalan denganlamanya hipoksia yang mencapai puncak pada kelompok hipoksia 3 hari danmulai mengalami penurunan pada kelompok 7 hari. Ekspresi protein HIF-1a dilakukan dengan metode Western Blott yang memperlihatkan terdapatnyapeningkatan ekspresi protein HIF-1a yang mulai mengalami penurunan padakelompok hipoksia 14 hari.enelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola mRNA HIF-1a dan ekspresi protein HIF-1a pada organ ginjal dari tikus yang mengalamikondisi hipoksia secara sistemik menggunakan Hypoxic Chamber dengankadar O2 8% dan Nitrogen 92% dan kelompok kontrol pada kondisinormoksia. Pola mRNA HIF-1a dilihat berdasarkan hasil RT-PCR denganmembandingkan rasio kelompok normoksia dan kelompok hipoksia yangmenunjukkan terdapat peningkatan ekspresi mRNA HIF-1a sejalan denganlamanya hipoksia yang mencapai puncak pada kelompok hipoksia 3 hari danmulai mengalami penurunan pada kelompok 7 hari. Ekspresi protein HIF-1a dilakukan dengan metode Western Blott yang memperlihatkan terdapatnyapeningkatan ekspresi protein HIF-1a yang mulai mengalami penurunan padakelompok hipoksia 14 hari.

Efek Hipoxia Mimetic Cobalt Chloride (CoC12 )terhadap Ekspresi mRNA dan Aktivitas Spesifik Manganese Superoksida Dismutase (Mn SOD ) Ginjal Tikus

MnSOD is a primary antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress due to H2O2 inmitochondrial membranes. This study aims to determine the effect of CoCl2 as hypoxic mimetic agent on mRNA expression of MnSOD and MnSOD-specific activity in rat kidney. Male Sprague dawley rat are induced with 30mg/Kg body weight CoCl2 intraperitoneally. After that, the experiment was divided into 3 groups: 2, 8, and 24 hours incubation after injection. All groups are compared with control group without injection. All of rat were terminated and the kidneys were removed. mRNA expression and specific activity of the kidney MnSOD are measured. After 2 hours, mRNA expression increased up to 42 times, after 8 and 24 hours return to normal. Specific activity of MnSOD in 2 hours after injection has not changed yet, and after 8 and 24 hours increased 1.5 times. This study shows that induction of Hipoxic mimetic CoCl2 enhances mRNA expression and MnSOD-specific activity

Survivin and Telomerase as Radiotherapeutic Response Predictors of Subjects with Stage IIIB Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women. Even with similar clinicopathologic features, radiotherapy outcomes are still vary among patients. This research was conducted to measure radiotherapy responses on cervical cancer patients by using Survivin, Telomerase and Cytochrome C.METHODS: Subjects who matched the criteria were selected and requested to fill questionnaires. Subjects were then evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre- and post-3D conformal radiotherapy. Histopathological study was conducted using resected tumors to determine the differentiation type. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays for detection of Survivin, Telomerase and Cytochrome C was performed using the resected tumors as well.RESULTS: There were 76 patients in this study. Mean ofage was 50 and diameter of tumor size was 5.35 cm. Mean levels of Survivin, Telomerase and Cytochrome C were 632.82 pg/mL, 5.59 pg/mL and 204.75 ng/mL, respectively. There were significant correlations between radiotherapy response and Survivin (p=0.041) or Telomerase (p=0.022). Subjects with lower Survivin level (<932 pg/mL) had higher 1-year survival rate (63%) than subjects with higher Survivin level (50%). Similar results were obtained for subjects with lower Telomerase level (<5.75 pg/mL), who had higher 1-year survival rate (60%) than subjects with higher Telomerase level (43%).CONCLUSION: Since radiotherapy response is significantly correlated with Survivin and Telomerase levels and subjects with lower Survivin or Telomerase level have higher 1-year survival rate, it can be suggested that Survivin and Telomerase could be potential predictors of radiotherapeutic response for subjects with stage IIIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma.KEYWORDS: cervical cancer, radiotherapy Survivin, Telomerase, Cytochrome

Consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa dried calyx ethanol extract improved redox imbalance and glucose plasma in vitamin B12 restriction diet in rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. dried calyx ethanolic (HSE) extract on the redox imbalance and glucose plasma of vitamin B12 restriction Sprague-Dawley rats. The rat was fed a Vitamin B12 Restriction Diet for 16 weeks and treated with HSE as the treatment group. One group was fed a restriction diet not treated with HSE as a positive control group, and another was fed a control chow diet not treated with HSE as a negative control group. Vitamin B12, MDA, SOD activity enzyme, and glucose levels were evaluated in this study. The extract had a significant antioxidant capacity in terms of reducing the production of free radical scavenging activity. The HSE can repair the skewed redox imbalance and oxidative damage generated by a vitamin B12-deficient diet in the rat liver. The result of fasting glucose plasma levels, in 16 weeks showed both significantly different in all groups. In Sprague-Dawley rats with vitamin B12 restriction treated with HSE, a decrease in the glucose plasma in week sixteen was observed, together with a reduction of hepatic redox imbalance. Treatment with HSE protected hepatocytes from oxidative damage caused by vitamin B12 deficiency

Spirulina platensis effect on oxidative stress of rat’s offspring brain exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and lactation

Background: Maternal exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and lactation might harmful for the fetus. The smoke contains many free radicals that could be eliminated by antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis ethanol extract as antioxidant against cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy until lactation by assessing oxidative stress markers in neonatal brain tissues. Methods: The experimental study used 26 offspring divided into four groups: (C) = offspring of maternal control group; (Cg) = offspring of maternal exposed to cigarette smoke; (CgSp) = offspring of maternal given spirulina and exposed to cigarette smoke; and (Sp) = offspring of maternal given spirulina only group, during gestation and 9 days lactation (30 days). Each group consisted of 6 offspring obtained from 2 adult females mated with male Sprague-Dawley rats. The exposure of cigarette smoke was 4 burn cigarettes/day for 30 days. The dose of extract was 200 mg/kg BW. The offspring were sacrificed, and the brain tissues were taken for MDA, MnSOD activity, as well as catalase activity, carbonyl, and GSH. Results: There was no significant differences in MDA level between groups. The carbonyl, SOD, and catalase activity did not differ between the control and smoked group. Conclusion: Exposure of four burned cigarettes smoke per day during pregnancy, and 9 days of lactation did not trigger oxidative stress. However, the effect of Spirulina platensis administration on rat offspring brain could not be analyzed

ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS MALONDIALDEHYDE, GLUTATHIONE, NITRIC OXIDE, AND PRORENIN LEVEL IN PREECLAMPSIA PLACENTAL TISSUES

 Objective: Preeclampsia was a syndrome of hypertension proteinuria in pregnant women. In failure of pseudo vasculogenesis, there is persistency of endothelial and smooth muscle cell of vessel wall in spiral artery. Spiral artery could not be emphasis and lead to relative hypoxia, and oxidative stress in placental tissues. Endothelial cell has property to produce nitric oxide (NO) that can dilated vessel. Placenta also produces prorenin, to maintain vascular wall tonicity. Therefore, we want to uncover the property of placenta is there any capacity of prorenin, is that prorenin could overcome the NO level, or is there any depression of NO production, and any oxidative stress.Methods: This observational study was used case–control design. We search preeclampsia cases during September-December 2015. We used preeclampsia placentas from early and late onset. We collect preeclampsia placentas from Cipto Mangunkusumo and normal placentas from Budi Kemuliaan Hospital. We used 30 preeclampsia placentas and 30 normal placentas. Markers measured were NO and prorenin. NO was measured using colorimetric assay kit (K262-200/ BioVision), and prorenin was measured using human prorenin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ab157525/ Abcam). Glutathione (GSH) was measured using Ellman method and malondialdehyde (MDA) using Wills method.Results: Prorenin concentration between normal and preeclampsia placenta was analyzed using Mann–Whitney and show that there had no significant difference between preeclampsia and normal placentas (p=0.23). Besides, NO data analyzed using independent t-test show significant differences between preeclampsia and normal placentas (p=0.001). The difference between normal and preeclampsia GSH concentration was not significant (p=0.757), besides the difference between normal and preeclampsia MDA concentration was significant (p=0.000).Conclusion: NO concentration in preeclampsia placenta was increase, higher than normal placenta. There was no effect of preeclampsia on prorenin concentration and GSH. There was marked decrease of MDA in preeclampsia placentas

The Effects of Vitamin E Administration in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease which has high prevalence in the society. There is no drug that is considered to be able to effectively treat this disease until today. The treatments has wide range from modifications to diet and exercise. The role of vitamin E in the treatment of NAFLD has been studied in many researches. It has high antioxidant capacity that have the ability to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent oxidative damage that can cause cellular senescence and apoptosis. The antioxidant properties may inhibit the progression into liver damage and may even treat hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD. It also has an anti-inflammatory role that affects various inflammatory cytokines produced in NAFLD. The use of vitamin E in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without diabetes is advised by recent guidelines from the American Association for Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) and the European Association for the Study of Liver Disease (EASLD). In patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, vitamin E can decrease oxidative stress, inhibit the pathogenesis of the disease, and be used as a therapeutic option. However, new research on the safety and efficacy of vitamin E in treating diabetic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients is still deemed insufficient