Kinerja Ekonomi Karet dan Strategi Pengembangan Hilirisasinya di Indonesia

Rubber as an export commodity plays an important role in the national economy. Rubber prices fluctuate and tend to decline leading to lower national as rubber areas converted to other more prospective commodities. Downstream rubber industry enhancement is crucial for improving domestic rubber consumption and price stabilization in Indonesia. Export reduction policy carried out by the government for price stabilization is effective but only in the short term. Therefore, downstream rubber industry development is essential to deal with global rubber price fluctuation. Continuous supply and quality maintenance are crucial. Replanting should be implemented such that yield increases and its quality may compete with that imported. AbstrakKaret sebagai komoditas ekspor memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Harga karet yang fluktuatif dan menurun dapat memengaruhi produksi karet nasional karena alih fungsi lahan perkebunan karet ke komoditas lain yang lebih prospektif. Hal tersebut akan berdampak pada menurunnya devisa negara dan kesejahteraan petani. Pengembangan hilirisasi karet merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan serapan karet dalam negeri guna mengurangi pengaruh fluktuasi harga karet. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pentingnya pengembangan hilirisasi karet dalam mencapai kestabilan harga karet di Indonesia. Kebijakan pengurangan ekspor yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam rangka stabilisasi harga karet cukup efektif, namun hanya berpengaruh dalam jangka pendek. Oleh karena itu pengembangan hilirisasi karet diperlukan untuk mengurangi pengaruh fluktuasi harga karet internasional. Pengembangan hilirisasi karet memerlukan dukungan pemerintah dalam berbagai aspek. Untuk menjaga kontinuitas dan kualitas karet untuk bahan baku industri hilir maka upaya peremajaan karet harus dilakukan agar produktivitas karet meningkat serta kualitasnya dapat bersaing dengan karet impo

Development and problems in the spread of new improved rice varieties in Central Java Province

To support increased rice production, the government is trying to increase the use of superior varieties in farming. In line with this, a study has been carried out aimed at analyzing developments, problems in the distribution, and farming of improved rice varieties. The research was conducted in Central Java Province in 2020. The research sample consisted of 30 rice farmers and various institutions related to this study. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study showed that the distribution of superior rice varieties (2015-2019) was dominated by Ciherang (31.5%) and IR64 (18.1%) varieties, while the new superior variety Inpari had only 3.9% of the spread. Problems faced in the distribution of superior rice varieties include: limited availability of good quality seeds, low yield productivity, and insufficient resistance to pests and diseases. The results of rice farming analysis at MT-II 2020, farming profits for the Ciherang and Inpari 32 varieties, respectively, are IDR. 9.5 million and in IDR 11.0 million per hectare per season. In order to increase the spread of improved rice varieties, it is necessary to support the provision of seeds with high productivity potential, farming pilots and support from government programs

Policy urgency and development of the highest retail price (HRP) of subsidised fertilizer

Fertilizer price subsidies aim to increase the purchasing power of poor farmers in order to increase their productivity and farm income. This study aims to analyze the urgency of the fertilizer subsidy policy, and the development of the subsidized fertilizer HET ratio and the price of grain at the farmer level. The study was conducted in West Java Province, 2020. The data used include primary data and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the fertilizer subsidy policy was given to farmers who farmed a maximum of 2 hectares per season. In Indonesia, the total number of households using land with a scale of < 2 ha reaches 89%, which are small farmers and require input subsidies. Furthermore, the ratio of output prices to urea fertilizer (2012-2021) tends to increase by 0.97%/year. This shows that the development of subsidized fertilizer prices is relatively small compared to the development of government purchasing prices for paddy. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer use and maintain the volume of subsidized fertilizer in the midst of a limited fertilizer subsidy budget, efforts must be made to be more targeted and efficient