La variación en las explicaciones de los profesores en situación escolar

Esta investigación centró la atención en el papel del discurso en la clase de matemáticas cuando se pretende enseñar conceptos y procesos matemáticos ligados a la noción de variación. El discurso constituye el espacio donde se construyen, negocian e interpretan los significados en la interacción social que se realiza en la escuela, por lo tanto construir conocimiento en interacción requiere del lenguaje usado socialmente. Nos ocuparemos de analizar el papel de las explicaciones en la clase de matemáticas, primer semestre de ingeniería, cuando la noción de variación está siendo usada por los profesores y cuando los estudiantes intervienen a propósito de dicha noción. En particular nos centraremos en función y derivada que son vistos como modelos para el estudio de la variación. Los registros y las transcripciones de las clases, que se audiograbaron, fueron analizadas considerando un modelo de investigación cualitativa

Creencias de los profesores en la enseñanza de la noción de variación a través del discurso en el aula

Esta investigación se encuentra en proceso y aborda las creencias de los profesores en la enseñanza de la noción de variación a través del discurso en el aula en el sexto grado de educación primaria de una escuela en México. Es una investigación etnográfica efectuada en dos grupos de una escuela pública, urbana, en donde se realizaron observaciones de clases de matemáticas, específicamente sobre temas de variación, los cuales se encuentran dentro del Eje Temático Procesos de Cambio, nombre con el cual la Secretaría de Educación Pública denomina a estos temas, los cuales incluyen: razón, proporción directa, proporción inversa, porcentaje y elaboración y análisis de gráficas. Las clases fueron grabadas en audio y posteriormente transcritas y agrupadas en categorías de análisis

Electric design of the Power Processing Unit for Pulsed Plasma Thrusters for CubeSat applications.

The opening of space to the private and academic sector has cause a rapid increase in the activities on this field during the last two decades. This movement is known as New Space, where by creating collaborations between governments, private industry and universities is defining what could be the new space race. The use of nano-satellites, in special CubeSats, the creation of more specific missions has risen with them the necessity of more complex subsystems. Odysseus Space Inc in collaboration with the National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), decided to create a propulsion system where Pulsed Plasma Thrusters (PPTs) are targeted as an Attitude Control System (ACS) for CubeSats. Pulsed Plasma Thrusters have a great legacy being the first electric propulsion thruster to flight in space. Nevertheless, PPTs faced an apparent abandonment for the use of more efficient technologies, it has been brought to CubeSats due its robustness and scalability. This work presents different approaches to develop a modular power processing unit (PPU) for PPTs for Cubesats applications, resulting in a functional PPU which meets the tight budget of 10X10X10 cm that conforms the CubeSat Unit standard. Each chapter covers a brief review of the concepts, their analysis and the description of their development while facing the challenges that brings to manage voltages in the order of kilo volts in such small spatial budget. Finally, using a combination of high gain Fly-back and Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier topologies for the sparkplug circuit, a main discharge and control circuit are prototyped and tested as part of the PPU, making the baseline for further investigations

Las prácticas de evaluación de las matemáticas en educación primaria y las creencias de los profesores

Esta investigación presenta un estudio sobre las prácticas de evaluación de las matemáticas en sexto grado de educación primaria en México y las creencias de los profesores. Éstas tienen una fuerte influencia en la actuación del docente en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas, y concretamente en la evaluación, dado que son ideas incuestionables, originadas en la práctica y que pueden permanecer o cambiar a lo largo del tiempo. Este estudio en proceso es de corte cualitativo, de tipo etnográfico, que utiliza observación participante y no participante. Se analiza el Plan de Estudios 2009 con su enfoque por competencias, al considerar conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes

Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Global Economic Growth on Birds in the Nations of the Three Poles

Economic and population growth as well as global macroeconomic policies are contributing to increasing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Climate change effects are more pronounced in cold regions such as the ‘Three Poles’ (the Arctic, the Antarctic and the Hindu Kush-Himalaya regions) than anywhere else. The Three Poles are rich in natural resources but the extraction of resources is degrading ecosystems and processes, and affecting species. In the Three Poles, many species depend on ice and snow habitats, but these species are competing with human activities for space and resources on a finite globe. Local and global pressures cause bird species populations to decline. In this study I investigated how bird populations are affected by economic growth and subsequent effects on the environment in the Three Poles regions. Data mining based on machine learning algorithms was used to perform the analyses. TreeNet (based on regression trees), included in the software Salford Predictive Modeler Builder® v.6.6 was used to develop the models. An additional Random Forests analysis (classification trees) was used to analyze the datasets. Two response variables were chosen based on bird distribution maps provided by BirdLife and the IUCN RedList categories, including those that have risk of extinction or are in the Least Concern category but with declining populations. Data from the WDI Data Catalog of The World Bank (World Development Indicators) were used as predictors. The results include a total of 24 models, classified by pole and type of country according to their direct (primary countries) or indirect (secondary countries) link to the Three Poles regions. A combind model was also run (primary and secondary countries). Models were evaluated according to the response curves and gains charts. Models confirm that global demand for, and consumtion of, resources is affecting the Three Poles. Food production, rural population, CO2 emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and agricultural land were the top ranked predictors to explain the number of birds classified as threatened or with populations decreasing. This finding supports that the global demand for resources such as oil, gas and fish that were exploited from the Three Poles, added to global warming from anthropogenic causes are significantly affecting bird species populations. However, further research has to be carried out in order to obtain sound information on what the best management and governance is for a sustainable outlook for the Three Poles and beyond.Acknowledgements -- Table of Content -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- Units and Symbols -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives -- The Three Poles -- The Arctic -- The Antarctic -- The Himalayas -- The World and the Three Poles -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- References : Appendix 1A ; Appendix 1B ; Appendix 1C ; Appendix 2A ; Appendix 2B ; Appendix 3 ; Appendix 4 ; Appendix

Transforming grief: The use of images during bereavement in Mexico and the United States

According to the literature, bereavement photography was an important part of funeral rituals in many countries, including Mexicoand the United States. By the early to mid- 20th century, the custom appeared to have fallen out of favor in both countries except in the case of neonatal bereavement photography, at least in theUnited States. By comparing participants from 2 distinct cultures - theUnited States andMexico - I hope to show that bereavement photography can still be a useful tool during grieving. Anxiety and depression related to the topic of death will be evaluated for differences or similarities between the 2 cultures using Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS) and Death Depression Scale-Revised (DDS-R). In addition, there was an effort to determine if other variables correlate with these scores, including knowledge of, owning, or having taken a bereavement photograph. An examination of the history of post-mortem photography in both countries indicated that such images provide survivors with tangible mementos of the deceased and could be an equally powerful tool in grief work today

Cruz Barney, Oscar, Defensa a la defensa y abogacía en México, México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM-Ilustre y Nacional Colegio de Abogados de México-Ilustre Colegio de Abogados de Madrid, 2015

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The eminent need for an academic program in universities to teach nanomedicine

Nanomedicine is on the cutting edge of technology applied to medical and biological sciences. Nanodevices, nanomaterials, nanoinstruments, nanotechnologies, and nanotechniques (laboratory methods and procedures) are important for the modern practice of medicine and essential for research that could stimulate the discovery of new medical advances. Accordingly, there is an eminent need for implementing an academic program in universities to teach this indispensable and pragmatic discipline, especially in the departments of graduate studies and research in the areas of pharmacology, genetic engineering, proteomics, and molecular and cellular biology

La reforma de la enseñanza de competencias matemáticas en secundaria

Esta investigación se efectúa en el marco de la reforma de la educación secundaria del 2006 en México y tiene como propósito mostrar los avances sobre la edificación de conocimientos matemáticos en los alumnos de primer año de secundaria, a través de los 5 bloques del año escolar, en los que figuran tres ejes de estudio que son: a) Sentido numérico y pensamiento algebraico, b) Forma, espacio y medida y c) Manejo de la información. Pero solo se estudiará el eje temático relacionado a pensamiento numérico y lenguaje algebraico, poniendo especial énfasis en una de las cuatro competencias que marca el programa: la competencia de la comunicación. Haciendo una comparación entre dos grupos de estudio, ya que en uno empleará el método tradicional y el otro utilizará el de inducción