A dynamical mechanism for establishing apsidal resonance

We show that in a system of two planets initially in nearly circular orbits, an impulse perturbation that imparts a finite eccentricity to one planet's orbit causes the other planet's orbit to become eccentric as well, and also naturally results in a libration of their relative apsidal longitudes for a wide range of initial conditions. We suggest that such a mechanism may explain orbital eccentricities and apsidal resonance in some exo-planetary systems. The eccentricity impulse could be caused by the ejection of a planet from these systems, or by torques from a primordial gas disk. The amplitude of secular variations provides an observational constraint on the dynamical history of such systems.Comment: to appear in ApJ-Letter

The Mass Distribution Function of Planets

The distribution of orbital period ratios of adjacent planets in extra-solar planetary systems discovered by the {\it Kepler} space telescope exhibits a peak near $\sim1.5$--$2$, a long tail of larger period ratios, and a steep drop-off in the number of systems with period ratios below $\sim1.5$. We find from this data that the dimensionless orbital separations have an approximately log-normal distribution. Using Hill's criterion for the dynamical stability of two planets, we find an upper bound on planet masses such that the most common planet mass does not exceed $10^{-3.2}m_*$, or about two-thirds Jupiter mass for solar mass stars. Assuming that the mass ratio and the dynamical separation (orbital spacings in units of mutual Hill radius) of adjacent planets are independent random variates, and adopting empirical distributions for these, we use Hill's criterion in a statistical way to estimate the planet mass distribution function from the observed distribution of orbital separations. We find that the planet mass function is peaked in logarithm of mass, with a peak value and standard deviation of $\log m/M_\oplus$ of $\sim(0.6-1.0)$ and $\sim(1.1-1.2)$, respectively.Comment: Updated analysis with debiased period ratio data and updated discussion; accepted to Ap

Open-charm production as a function of charged particle multiplicity in pp collisions at \sqrt{s}=7 TeV with ALICE

Heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are an effective tool to investigate the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions as they are produced in initial hard scattering processes and as they experience all the stages of the medium evolution. The measurement of heavy-flavour production cross sections in pp collisions at the LHC, besides providing a reference for heavy-ion studies, allows one to test perturbative QCD calculations. A brief review of ALICE results on the production of heavy-flavoured hadrons measured from fully reconstructed hadronic decay topologies in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV is presented. Furthermore, heavy-flavour production was also studied as a function of the particle multiplicity in pp collisions. This could provide insight into multi-parton scatterings. A measurement of the inclusive J/{\psi} yield as a function of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density was performed by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV. An increase of the J/{\psi} yield with increasing multiplicity was observed. In this context, the study of the yield of D mesons as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity could provide a deeper insight into charm-quark production in pp collisions. We will present the first results obtained for prompt D0, D+, and D*+ mesons using hadronic decay channels at midrapidity in pp collisions \sqrt{s}=7 TeV as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity. The prompt D-meson yields as a function of multiplicity are measured in different pT intervals. These yields will be compared to the results obtained for inclusive and non-prompt J/{\psi}.Comment: Proceeding of SQM 2013, 4 page

Open Charm Mesons at the LHC with ALICE

The ALICE experiment will be able to detect hadrons containing charm and beauty quarks in proton-proton and heavy ion collisions in the new energy regime of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Open charmed mesons are a powerful tool to study the medium produced in heavy ion collisions, since charm quarks are produced on a very short time scale and they experience the whole history of the collision. In addition, the measurements of heavy flavour yield provide a natural normalization for those of charmonia and bottomonia production at LHC. In this talk, after a general overview of ALICE perspectives for heavy flavour physics, we will report some study of D-meson reconstruction through their hadronic decay channels with Monte Carlo simulated data.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Open Charm Analysis at Central Rapidity in ALICE using the first year of pp data at \sqrt{s}=7 TeV

ALICE is the dedicated heavy-ion experiment at the LHC. Its main physics goal is to study the properties of the strongly-interacting matter in the conditions of high energy density (>10 GeV/fm3) and high temperature (> 0.3 GeV) expected to be reached in central Pb\^aPb collisions. Charm and beauty quarks are a powerful tool to investigate this high density and strongly interacting state of matter as they are produced in initial hard scatterings, and due to their long life time, they probe all the stages of the system evolution. The detector design was optimized for heavy ions but is also well suited for pp studies. ALICE recorded pp data at s= 7 TeV since march 2010 and the first run with heavy ion collisions took place in November 2010. The measurement of charm production cross section in pp collisions provides interesting insight into QCD processes and is important as a reference for heavy ion studies. The measurement of the D- meson yield in pp collisions can be used to extract the charm cross section. In this contribution, the ongoing study of reconstruction of D-mesons through hadronic decay channels and the first preliminary results obtained with \sqrt{s}= 7 TeV pp data will be presented.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Conference proceeding to be published in Nucl. Phys.

Heavy flavour and quarkonia production measurement in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies with the ALICE detector

ALICE is the dedicated heavy-ion experiment at the LHC. Its main physics goal is to study the properties of strongly-interacting matter at conditions of high energy density and high temperature expected to be reached in central Pb--Pb collisions. Charm and beauty quarks are well-suited tools to investigate this state of matter since they are produced in initial hard scatterings and are therefore generated early in the system evolution and probe its hottest, densest stage. ALICE recorded pp data at $\rm \sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and 2.76 TeV and Pb--Pb data at $\rm \sqrt{s}_{\rm NN}$=2.76 TeV in 2010 and 2011. We present the latest results on heavy flavour and J/$\psi$ production at both central and forward rapidity.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Capital Account Liberalisation: Empirical Evidence and Policy Issues II

The short experience with liberalisation of capital inflows documented in this paper highlights the pressures of a capital surge upon domestic monetary management.It also reveals the additional constraint of fiscal- led monetary expansion in India,which are likely to be impediments to future liberalisaton.Capital flows; capital account liberlasiation; stock markets; financial markets