INTERACCIÓN ENTRE GENÉTICA Y ESTILO DE VIDA EN EL DESARROLLO DE LA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2: EL ESTUDIO EN LOS INDIOS PIMA/ GENETIC-LIFE STYLE INTERACTIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS DEVELOPMENT: THE PIMA INDIANS STUDY

La creciente prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DT2) representa un problema complejo de salud pública a nivel mundial y particularmente en países en desarrollo, incluyendo México. La DT2 es resultado de una interacción entre la predisposición genética y los cambios drásticos en el estilo de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo de revisión es explorar la interacción entre la genética y el estilo de vida sobre el desarrollo de la DT2, comparando dos grupos genéticamente relacionados, Pimas mexicanos y Pimas de Estados Unidos de América (EUA), así como dos grupos no relacionados genéticamente, pero viviendo en ambientes similares, Pimas mexicanos y no-Pimas (Blancos) de Maycoba, México. En comparación con los Pimas de EUA, los Indios Pima Mexicanos presentaron menor prevalencia de DT2 y obesidad. Asimismo, los Indios Pima Mexicanos presentaron menor consumo de grasa y fibra dietaria, y mayor nivel de actividad física. El estudio de los indios Pima nos indica que aún en poblaciones genéticamente predispuestas a estas condiciones, su desarrollo puede estar determinado principalmente por circunstancias relacionadas con el estilo de vida. ABSTRACT Globally, the increase in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) prevalence represents a complex public health problem, particularly in developing countries, including Mexico. Type 2 diabetes results from an interaction between genetic predisposition and drastic changes in lifestyle. The aim of this review is to explore these interactions on T2D development, using the Mexican and US Pima Indians comparative study as a model; two genetic related groups, living in different environments, and Mexican Pimas and non-Pimas (Blancos) sharing a similar environment, but not the genetics. Study results showed a lower T2D and obesity prevalence in Mexican Pimas when compared with US Pimas. Likewise, Mexican Pimas had lower fat consumption, higher dietary fiber and higher physical activity than their counterparts in the US. The Pima Indians study showed that even in genetically predisposed populations, T2D development could be mainly determined by lifestyle related factors

Plethysmographic and anthropometric validation of a 3D body image digitizer to determine body dimensions

Much is known about leg/foot movement times when there is a single target constraint - that in the direction ofthe movement. We report two experiments that investigated the effects of an additional constraint that wasperpendicular to the direction of the movement. In Experiment 1, a standard Fitts' task was used but with targetsthat varied in height and, in Experiment 2, we used the Drury tracking task of moving between lines of varyingtrack widths. Results were different to those of arm/hand movements. In experiment 1 the effects of the Indexesof Difficulty (ID) in the direction of, and perpendicular to, the movement direction, were linearly additive. Thisis compared to the ‘greater ID model’ that gives a good description of arm movements. When tracking betweenparallel lines, foot performance is poor compared to arm performance when error rates are controlled. The Drurymodel well describes data for arm and foot movements, when the error rates are controlled, but initial error ratesincrease rapidly with decrease of target width and hence the leg/foot system has difficulty in control at highervalues of amplitude to track width ratio.Relevance to industry: The foot is commonly used for controlling a device. This research demonstrates the effectof having limited width of a target perpendicular to the direction of movement of the foot/leg. Performance iscompared to that of the hand/arm system

Food neophobia, mediterranean diet adherence and acceptance of healthy foods prepared in gastronomic workshops by spanish students

Articulo que describe que la presencia de neofobia alimentaria afecta la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la aceptación de alimentos saludables elaborados en talleres gastronómicos por escolares españoles