Evaluation of the nomenclature of herbal expectorants on russian pharmaceutical market: Current status and future prospects

This review focuses on current data sources on medicinal plants possessing expectorant effects. The component characterization of biologically active compounds determining the specified pharmacological effect of herbal medicines was also described and analyzed. The nomenclature of expectorant drugs presented on the Russian pharmaceutical market was studied and trends have been identified. It is known that herbal preparations, as a rule, are multicomponent. Combined expectorant drugs that simultaneously affect various mechanisms of inflammation and cough are becoming increasingly popular in medical practice. It seems relevant to assess the proportion of the most commonly used components (as well as biologically active substances) that are currently used for the production of expectorant drugs. Expectorant herbal preparations may contain such groups of biologically active substances as polysaccharides, saponins, essential oils, alkaloids. Medicinal plant material with an expectorant effect is used to obtain liquid dosage forms: syrups, tinctures, infusions, decoctions, elixirs, drops, and oral solutions, as well as solid - tablets, capsules, granules, troches, powders. These drugs occupy their important niche in the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved

Polysaccharides of crude herbal drugs as a group of biologically active compounds in the field of modern pharmacognosy: Physicochemical properties, classification, pharmacopoeial analysis

This review provides an overview of polysaccharides as a multifaceted group of biologically active compounds; they are discussed in the framework of modern pharmacognostic analysis. Data on chemical classification, component composition, physicochemical properties, and the content of polysaccharides in crude herbal drugs in the Russian Federation are consistently presented and analyzed. Some general groups and major compounds are characterized taking into account the use in pharmaceutical practice. Polysaccharides are the products of secondary metabolism; some of them can be used in pharmacy as excipients, while others have pronounced pharmacological effects and are active pharmaceutical ingredients. Improvement and development of procedures for the pharmacopoeial. analysis of crude herbal drugs containing polysaccharides and preparations based on are important tasks of modern pharmacognosy. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved

Lathraea squamaria L. (Orobanchaceae): A review of its botany, phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacology

This paper presents the results of the review pharmacognostic study of common toothwort, a perennial plant, parasitizing on the roots of trees. Currently, in Russian traditional medicine, there is considerable experience in the use of сommon toothwort (Lathraea squamaria L.) herb and roots as antitumoral, biligenic, infertility-treatment and diuretic drugs. The chemical composition of L. squamaria has not been quite well determined. Phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, isoacteoside), iridoid glycosides (aucubin, and aucuboside ester, 6'-O-glucopyranosyl-aucubin, melampyroside, 6'-O-glucopyranosyl melampyroside), simple sugars, fatty acids, organic acids, β-sitosterol were identified. Further study of L. squamaria raw materials is a very promising field including implementation in official medicine. © 2020 Phcogj.Com. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license

Methodical basis for analysis of monosaccharide profile of the polysaccharide complex in the mixture herbal product (pectorales species No 2)

Background: Mucolytic and expectorant drugs are important elements in the pharmacotherapy of respiratory diseases. Phytopectol No 2 (Pectorales species No 2) is one of the herbal multi-component drugs (herbal teas). Pectorales species No 2 (PS No 2) is a mixture of three types of medicinal plants presented on the Russian pharmaceutical market. It consists of coltsfoot leaves (40%), plantain leaves (30%), and licorice roots (30%). The PS No 2 infusion is a dosage form prepared from crushed or powdered plant material. The PS No 2 infusion exhibits expectorant and anti-inflammatory activity; it is used in the treatment of respiratory diseases and to facilitate the release of sputum. Purpose: This review study aims to collect and analyze the literature data concerning the composition and content of polysaccharides, their monosaccharide composition in PS No 2 and its components. Methods: We used different scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, e-Library, Google Scholar for information search. Result: Nowadays, synthetic drugs, herbal remedies, and combined medicines with expectorant action are presented on the Russian and world markets. Herbal medicines can be classified into single drugs containing one plant/component, and medicines with two or more plants/components. Herbal medicines take leading places in the segment of the mucoactive drugs market along with synthetic ones in the Russian Federation. Most of the PS No 2 polysaccharides are arabinogalactans, rhamnogalacturonans, galacturonans, galactans. The arabinose (up to 15%), glucose (up to 26%), galactose (up to 23%), rhamnose (up to 40%), as well as galacturonic acid (up to 26%) are presented in monosaccharide composition of PS No 2 polysaccharide complex. Conclusion: Polysaccharides of various types are the main group of biologically active compounds (BAC) in PS No 2. The monomer composition of the polysaccharides causing the pharmacological action of PS No 2 should be established to improve the standardization procedures of crude herbal drugs and to identify BAC. The ratio of these carbohydrates can serve as a marker parameter in the standardization of PS No 2. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved