THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SELECTED AREAS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

Background and Objective: Climate change and its impact on the environmental system poses significant risks on the global economy. Yet, most economic theories do not or insufficiently take these into account. Ecological economics is a new scientific field that looks into the risks of climate change impacts on the global economy as extreme weather events are believed to hold disruptive potential towards future economic developments. Study Design/ Materials and Methods: This review article is based on a primary literature review of key authors within the respective field. As main criteria the articles publication year has been considered. Results: Climate change risks negatively impact the world’s economic system. Key sources of anthropogenic climate change are industrial CO2 emissions. The logistic industry is one of the major contributors. Impact of climate change are evident through disruptive changes in various environmental systems materializing in e.g. biodiversity loss, change in land, shifts of natural resources and natural catastrophes posing significant threats of economic losses and rising global inequalities. Conclusion and practical implications: This study adds to our understanding of the direct and intense connection between climate change effects and local and global economic developments

Biofabrication of platinum nanoparticles using Fumariae herba extract and their catalytic properties

Due to the increasing popularity of using plant extract in the synthesis of nanoparticles, this study presented the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using Fumariae herba extract. The formation of platinum nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS profile. Transmission electron micrograph presented the hexagonal and pentagonal shape of the synthesized nanoparticles sized about 30 nm. Moreover, platinum nanoparticles presented good catalytic properties in the reduction of methylene blue and crystal violet. Keywords: Fumariae herba, Biofabrication, Platinum nanoparticles, Catalytic propertie

Antimicrobial packaging with natural compunds - a review

Background:  Packaging problems are an integral part of logistics and the implementation of packaging significantly affects the effectiveness of logistics processes, as a factor which increases the safety and the quality of products being transported. Active packaging is an area of technology needed to meet the requirements of the contemporary consumer. Active packaging creates additional opportunities in systems for packing goods, as well as offering a solution in which the packaging, the product and surroundings interact. Furthermore, active packaging allows packaging to interact with food and the environment and play a dynamic role in food preservation. The main role of antimicrobial packaging is to inhibit the growth of microorganisms that reduce the quality of the packaged product. Methods: The application of natural antimicrobial agents appears to be safe for food products. Also, these compounds have potential applications as a natural preservative in the food packaging industry. This study presents some antibacterial agents, namely chitosan, nisin and pectins. Results and conclusion: Natural substances used in active packaging can eliminate the danger of chemical substances migrating to food

Materiały opakowaniowe z biotworzyw w gospodarce o obiegu zamkniętym

Background: The European strategy for plastics focuses on adjusting the EU regulations to the fulfilment of circular economy tasks. Circular economy is an approach that will soon lead to considerable changes in numerous branches of modern economy. To a large extent, they will also affect the packaging industry. Methods: A particular interest has been attracted by aliphatic polyesters such as polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). This work presents the bioplastic market and the selected examples of the latest solutions in bioplastic packaging materials. In the near future, the presented bioplastics have a chance to become some of the most desirable packaging materials Results and conclusion: Bioplastics seem to be an alternative to conventional plastics used for packaging production. As the focus shifts to creation of sustainable environment and prevention of plastic waste disposal in the environment, the production of bioplastics has gained much attention due to their biodegradability.Wstęp: Europejska strategia dotycząca tworzyw sztucznych skupia się na dostosowywaniu unijnych regulacji do realizacji zasad in circular economy. Circular economy to podejście, w ramach którego w niedługim czasie nastąpią znaczące zmiany w wielu gałęziach wspólczesnej gospodarki. Będą one dotyczyły w dużym stopniu branży opakowań. Metody: Duzym zaniteresowaniem cieszą się poliestry alifatyczne jakie jak polilaktyd (PLA) oraz polihydroksyalkaniany (PHA).W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono rynek biotworzyw oraz wybrane przykłady najnowszych rowiązań w zakresie materiałów opakowaniowych z biotworzyw. Przedstawione biotworzywa w niedalekiej przyszłości mają szansę stać się jednym z najbardziej poządanych materiałów opakowaniowych. Wyniki i podsumowanie: Biotworzywa wydają się być alternatywą dla konwencjonalnych tworzyw sztucznych stosowanych do produkcji opakowań. Aby stworzyć zrównoważone środowisko i zapobiec utylizacji odpadów tworzyw sztucznych w środowisku, produkcja biotworzyw zyskała wiele uwagi ze względu na ich podatność na biodegradację

Przykłady zastosowania nanocząstek metali w medycynie i farmacji

Background: Nanotechnology is a field of science and technology that has been developing rapidly for several decades. It is considered to be one of the major activity areas of the scientific, technological and innovation sectors. The use of innovative technologies enables the modification and production of nanomaterials with new or enhanced properties. Metal nanoparticles are different from their bulk counterparts, and they have become the subject of growing attention due to their unique characteristics caused by their different size as well as their potential applications. Methods: As a result, they are used in many different areas of life. This work presents the most important examples of metal nanoparticle applications in pharmacology, cancer therapy and stomatology. Results and conclusion: Nanotechnology makes it possible to quickly transform the results of basic research into successful innovations, and develop leading technologies whose results can be implemented in large international groups of companies and small businesses in all sectors of the economy. As such actions require a properly functioning supply chain, the development and implementation of nanotechnology products will not reach the appropriate level without the proper logistics.Wstęp: Nanotechnologia jest dziedziną nauki i techniki, która rozwija się intensywnie od kilkudziesięciu lat. Zaliczana jest do jednego z głównych działów aktywności sektora nauki, technologii i innowacji. Zastosowanie innowacyjnych technologii umożliwia modyfikowanie i otrzymywanie nanomateriałów charakteryzujących się zupełnie nowymi lub ulepszonymi właściwościami. Nanocząstki metali stały się przedmiotem uwagi ze względu na ich unikalne właściwości spowodowane różnym rozmiarem oraz potencjalnym zastosowaniem. W efekcie nanocząstki metali znalazły zastosowanie w wielu różnych dziedzinach nauki. Metody: W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono najważniejsze przykłady zastosowań nanocząstek metali w farmakologii, terapii nowotworowej i stomatologii. Wyniki i wnioski: Nanotechnologia stwarza możliwości szybkiego przekształcenia wyników badań podstawowych w zakończone sukcesem innowacje oraz opracowanie wiodących technologii, których wyniki można wdrażać w wielkich międzynarodowych koncernach, jak i małych przedsiębiorstwach we wszystkich sektorach gospodarki. W celu realizacji takich działań niezbędny jest prawidłowo funkcjonujący łańcuch dostaw. Zatem rozwój i wdrażanie produktów nanotechnologii bez odpowiedniej logistyki nie mogłyby osiągnąć odpowiednio wysokiego poziomu

Application of active packaging systems in probiotic foods

Background: The packaging of the product has an important role in the protection of the stability of the final product. The use of active packaging system is due to play an increasingly important role by offering numerous and innovative solutions for extending the shelf-life or improve food quality and safety. Methods: On the basis of broad review of the current state of the art in world literature, application of packaging systems in probiotics foods was discussed. Results: In this study presented research and development in packaging systems for probiotics foods, using suitable materials with combine passive with active packaging solutions. Conclusion: Active packages with incorporated oxygen barrier materials or films with selective permeability properties also have potential applications in the packaging of probiotic food products. This is a broad field of research for scientists and industry

Nanocząstki metali w nanosensorach zapewniających jakość żywności

Background: Nanotechnology is applied in the food industry to ensure food safety, and it is used both in the processing of food and detection of contaminants. The assurance of quality and safety of food has become an important issue for authorities and food supply chain actors. In order to protect consumers from contamination, adulteration and spoilage, it is absolutely necessary to conduct analyses of food, as it is exposed to numerous chemical substances, which may be harmful to human beings and the environment. Methods: This work presents an overview of the literature concerning nanosensors with metal nanoparticles, which are used to detect the presence of chemical contaminants, pathogens and toxins, as well as to monitor food quality status. Such solutions will undoubtedly contribute to maintaining the safety and quality of food. Results and conclusion: At present, food supply chains are becoming more complex, environmental constraints are becoming stricter, and consumers are changing the way in which they select and consume food, and all those factors inspire modern societies to be more concerned about the harmful substances that could be present in food products. Application of nanoparticles in the food production industry are farreaching and more research in this space is warranted. As developments in the research and development of nanotechnologies continue, so will the opportunities for the food industry to benefit from nanoscience.Wstęp: Nanotechnologia jest stosowana w przemyśle spożywczym w celu zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa żywności i jest wykorzystywana zarówno w przetwórstwie żywności, jak i wykrywaniu zanieczyszczeń. Zapewnienie jakości i bezpieczeństwa żywności jest ważną kwestią w łańcuchu dostaw żywności. Aby chronić konsumentów przed skażeniem, zafałszowaniem i psuciem, absolutnie konieczne jest przeprowadzenie oceny jakości żywności, ze względu na narażenie na substancje, które mogą być szkodliwe dla ludzi i środowiska. Metody: W pracy przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej nanosensorów zawierających nanocząstki metali, które służą do wykrywania obecności zanieczyszczeń chemicznych, patogenów i toksyn, a także do monitorowania stanu jakości żywności. Takie rozwiązania niewątpliwie przyczynią się do utrzymania bezpieczeństwa i jakości żywności. Wyniki i podsumowanie: Obecnie łańcuchy dostaw żywności stają się coraz bardziej złożone, ograniczenia środowiskowe stają się coraz surowsze, a konsumenci zmieniają sposób, w jaki wybierają i spożywają żywność. Wszystkie te czynniki powodują zainteresowanie i coraz większą dbałość o jakość i bezpieczeństwo żywności. Zastosowanie nanocząstek w przemyśle spożywczym daje szerokie perspektywy, w związku z tym uzasadnione są dalsze badania w tym obszarze. Wraz z rozwojem badań i rozwoju nanotechnologii będą również rosnąć możliwości, jakie przemysł spożywczy może czerpać z nanonauki

The future of active and intelligent packaging industry

Background: Innovation in food and beverage packaging is mostly driven by consumer needs and demands influenced by changing global trends, such as increased life expectancy, fewer organizations investing in food production and distribution. Food industry has seen great advances in the packaging sector since its inception in the 18th century with most active and intelligent innovations occurring during the past century. These advances have led to improved food quality and safety. Active and intelligent packaging is new and exciting area of technology  which efficient contemporary consumer response. Materials and methods: On the basis of broad review of the current state of the art in world literature, the market active and intelligent packaging is discussed. Results: This paper shows present innovation in the market active and intelligent packaging. Conclusion: Research and development in the field of active and intelligent packaging materials is very dynamic and develops in relation with the search for environment friendly packaging solutions. Besides, active and intelligent packaging is becoming more and more widely used for food products. The future of this type of packaging system seems to be very interesting

The use of oxygen indicators - elements of intelligent packaging for monitoring of food quality

Background: Producers and researchers are looking at not only the methods of protection against ingress of oxygen into the package, but also want to provide consumers with guarantees of quality food they buy. Therefore, large-scale studies are conducted and implementation of intelligent packaging. The operation of these packages is the use of interactive, the most colorful indicators to assess the quality of the packaged product. Methods: This article describes intelligent packaging technologies and presents research for different types of oxygen indicators. Results and conclusion: Indicators for the detection of oxygen allows the consumer to provide some information on the suitability of the product for consumption. Apart from that, they are a simple tool that allows you to reduce the costs associated with loss replacement, repair damaged products or their disposal. Construction of indicator contained in the package is related to the specific product and factor to be controlled

RECENT TRENDS IN PACKAGING SYSTEMS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

Background:  In recent years, pharmaceutical packaging market was one of the fastest growing areas of the packaging industry. At the same time the packaging manufacturers put high demands on quality and safety. Methods: Review of innovations in packaging systems for pharmaceutical products was made including newest information of researches and achievements of recent years. Results and conclusion: Observed in recent years the development of pharmaceutical packaging market expanded due to with the huge technological advances that allow introduction of new packaging. Also, in this study presented intelligent packaging in pharmacy and innovation in child-resistance packaging