Unified Universal Quantum Cloning Machine and Fidelities

We present a unified universal quantum cloning machine, which combines several different existing universal cloning machines together including the asymmetric case. In this unified framework, the identical pure states are projected equally into each copy initially constituted by input and one half of the maximally entangled states. We show explicitly that the output states of those universal cloning machines are the same. One importance of this unified cloning machine is that the cloning procession is always the symmetric projection which reduces dramatically the difficulties for implementation. Also it is found that this unified cloning machine can be directly modified to the general asymmetric case. Besides the global fidelity and the single-copy fidelity, we also present all possible arbitrary-copy fidelities.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

6-Allyl-8-meth­oxy-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine

In the title compound, C18H19NO2, the allyl group is disordered over two sets of sites [occupancy ratio 0.662 (4):0.338 (4)]. The dihedral angle between the phenyl and benzene rings is 87.44 (10)°. The oxazinane ring adopts a sofa conformation

Direct measurement of a pure spin current by a polarized light beam

The photon helicity may be mapped to a spin-1/2, whereby we put forward an intrinsic interaction between a polarized light beam as a ``photon spin current'' and a pure spin current in a semiconductor, which arises from the spin-orbit coupling in valence bands as a pure relativity effect without involving the Rashba or the Dresselhaus effect due to inversion asymmetries. The interaction leads to circular optical birefringence, which is similar to the Faraday rotation in magneto-optics but nevertheless involve no net magnetization. The birefringence effect provide a direct, non-demolition measurement of pure spin currents.Comment: Erratum version to [Physical Review Letter 100, 086603 (2008)

Lipin1 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Differentiation through Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) Activation and Cyclin D Complex-Regulated Cell Cycle Withdrawal

Lipin1, an intracellular protein, plays critical roles in controlling lipid synthesis and energy metabolism through its enzymatic activity and nuclear transcriptional functions. Several mouse models of skeletal muscle wasting are associated with lipin1 mutation or altered expression. Recent human studies have suggested that children with homozygous null mutations in the LPIN1 gene suffer from rhabdomyolysis. However, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism is still poorly understood. In the present study we examined whether lipin1 contributes to regulating muscle regeneration. We characterized the time course of skeletal muscle regeneration in lipin1-deficient fld mice after injury. We found that fld mice exhibited smaller regenerated muscle fiber cross-sectional areas compared with wild-type mice in response to injury. Our results from a series of in vitro experiments suggest that lipin1 is up-regulated and translocated to the nucleus during myoblast differentiation and plays a key role in myogenesis by regulating the cytosolic activation of ERK1/2 to form a complex and a downstream effector cyclin D3-mediated cell cycle withdrawal. Overall, our study reveals a previously unknown role of lipin1 in skeletal muscle regeneration and expands our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle regeneration

Study of a metal hydride based thermal energy storage system using multi-phase heat exchange for the application of concentrated solar power system

Abstract: Thermal energy storage system is of great significance for the concentrated solar power system to keep the balance between power generation and demand. Metal hydride based thermal energy storage system is regarded as a promising method due to its good reversibility, low cost, and no by-product. Multi-phase heat exchange has much higher heat transfer coefficient than single-phase fluid heat exchange, thus facilitating the steam generation. In this study, a two-dimensional model of the metal hydride reactor using multi-phase heat exchange is proposed to estimate the performance and its feasibility of application in the concentrated solar power system. The results show that the velocity of the heat transfer fluid should match well with the thermal conductivity of the metal hydride bed to maintain the heat flux at a relatively constant value. The match of thermal conductivity of 3 or 5 W/(m·K) and fluid velocity of 0.0050 m/s results in the heat flux up to about 19 kW/m2, which is increased by 3 orders of magnitude than single-phase heat exchange. In the thermal energy storage system, the reheating cycle is recommended to improve the utilization of the thermal energy. The efficiency of the system could be improved from 18.4% to 30.8% using the reheating cycle. The increased efficiency is comparable to the previously reported efficiency of 39.2%. Besides, the operation strategy of raising the steam temperature by increasing the hydrogen pressure or the superheater temperature is suggested for the system to obtain higher efficiency