Preparation of supported skeletal Ni catalyst and its catalytic hydrogenation performance of C9 fraction from coking process

Currently, the inferior compressive strength of traditional Raney-Ni catalyst restricts its application in fixed-bed reactor. To approach this problem a series of supported skeletal Ni catalysts were prepared by mixing pseudo boehmite and Ni-Al alloy powder. In the process,the calcination temperature and atmosphere, mass ratio of pseudo boehmite to Ni-Al alloy powder and the sodium hydroxide solution concentration were investigated. The catalysts characterized by intelligent granule intensity tester(IGIT), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD),low temperature nitrogen adsorption, temperature programmed reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR), and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA).The results were shown that the calcination atmosphere had a considerable impact on the compressive strength of the catalyst. Compared with air atmosphere, the compressive strength of the catalyst increased from 12.62 N/mm to 23.96N/mm, obviously, in argon atmosphere, which was almost twice as much as the former.The inherent reason for this was that the argon obviously inhibited the transform of NiAl3 to Ni2Al3 in which the latter was the key factor to improve compressive strength. Additionally, coke-oven C9 hydrogenation was used to evaluate the performance of the catalyst and the results indicated that the conversion of indene, the key component of coke-oven C9, was as high as 90% in 1000h under the optimum reaction conditions:T=220oC, P(H2)=2.5MPa, H2/oil=200(v/v), LHSV=3.0h-1. Our data demonstrated that the supported skeletal Ni catalyst have a good industrial prospect in the fixed-bed reactor in future

N′-(2,4-Dichloro­benzyl­idene)-3-methoxy­benzohydrazide

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H12Cl2N2O2. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 27.6 (4)° in one mol­ecule and 16.4 (4)° in the other. Both mol­ecules adopt an E configuration about the C=N bonds. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains in the a-axis direction

Acute intermittent porphyria: a disease with low penetrance and high heterogeneity

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), a key enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway. AIP is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by low penetrance and a highly heterogenous clinical presentation. The estimated prevalence of AIP is 5–10 cases per 100,000 persons, with acute attacks manifesting in less than 1% of the at-risk population. This low frequency of attacks suggests significant roles for oligogenic inheritance and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. In recent years, identification of several modifier genes has advanced our understanding of the factors influencing AIP penetrance and disease severity. This review summarizes these factors including the impact of specific HMBS mutations, oligogenic inheritance, mitochondrial DNA copy number, age, sex, the influence of sex hormones, and the role of environmental factors. Further studies into the etiology of AIP disease penetrance should inform pathogenesis, potentially allowing for the development of more precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

Clinical feature and genetic analysis of HMBS gene in Chinese patients with acute intermittent porphyria: a systematic review

Background: Early detection and diagnosis are important crucial to prevent life-threatening acute attacks in patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). We aim to provide comprehensive data on the clinical and hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene variant characteristics and genotype-phenotype association of Chinese patients with AIP in order to improve clinicians’ knowledge of AIP and reduce misdiagnosis and mistaken treatment.Methods: We searched the literature on Chinese patients with AIP in PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect and Chinese literature databases up to August 2023 in our analysis to explore the clinical and HMBS gene variant characteristics of Chinese patients with AIP.Results: A total of 41 original articles associated with Chinese AIP patients were included for analysis: 97 variants were detected in 160 unrelated families, including 35 missense, 29 frameshift, 24 splicing and 9 nonsense variants, with c.517C>T being the most common variant. Clinical data were reported in 77 of 160 patients: Most of them were female (67/77) and the age was 28.8 ± 9.9 years. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (73/77, 94.8%), followed by central nervous system symptoms (45/77, 58.4%). 13.0% (10/77) of patients experienced psychiatric symptoms. Hyponatremia was the most common electrolyte abnormality (42/77). 31 patients received carbohydrate loading therapy, and 30 of them were improved. 6 patients were treated with carbohydrate loading combined with hemin therapy and 5 eventually improved. All variants causing premature stop codons, frameshifts or enzyme activity center may experience more severe clinical phenotypes such as seizures, respiratory paralysis, intracranial hemorrhage disorder or respiratory failure.Conclusion: The most common presenting symptom in Chinese AIP patients was abdominal pain, followed by central nervous system symptoms. The HMBS gene analysis in Chinese AIP patients revealed that the heterogeneity is strong and the most common variant was missense mutation, with c.517C>T being the most common variant. The genotype-phenotype association helps guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, the treatment for AIP in China is limited and monolithic, and more attention needs to be paid to the treatment

4-Hydr­oxy-N′-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy­benzyl­idene)benzohydrazide

In the title compound, C14H10Cl2N2O3, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 5.1 (2)°. The mol­ecule adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=N bond and an intra­molecular O—H⋯N inter­action is present. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Biobutanol production in a Clostridium acetobutylicum biofilm reactor integrated with simultaneous product recovery by adsorption

BACKGROUND: Clostridium acetobutylicum can propagate on fibrous matrices and form biofilms that have improved butanol tolerance and a high fermentation rate and can be repeatedly used. Previously, a novel macroporous resin, KA-I, was synthesized in our laboratory and was demonstrated to be a good adsorbent with high selectivity and capacity for butanol recovery from a model solution. Based on these results, we aimed to develop a process integrating a biofilm reactor with simultaneous product recovery using the KA-I resin to maximize the production efficiency of biobutanol. RESULTS: KA-I showed great affinity for butanol and butyrate and could selectively enhance acetoin production at the expense of acetone during the fermentation. The biofilm reactor exhibited high productivity with considerably low broth turbidity during repeated batch fermentations. By maintaining the butanol level above 6.5 g/L in the biofilm reactor, butyrate adsorption by the KA-I resin was effectively reduced. Co-adsorption of acetone by the resin improved the fermentation performance. By redox modulation with methyl viologen (MV), the butanol-acetone ratio and the total product yield increased. An equivalent solvent titer of 96.5 to 130.7 g/L was achieved with a productivity of 1.0 to 1.5 g · L(-1) · h(-1). The solvent concentration and productivity increased by 4 to 6-fold and 3 to 5-fold, respectively, compared to traditional batch fermentation using planktonic culture. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the conventional process, the integrated process dramatically improved the productivity and reduced the energy consumption as well as water usage in biobutanol production. While genetic engineering focuses on strain improvement to enhance butanol production, process development can fully exploit the productivity of a strain and maximize the production efficiency