Exploiting Emotion-Semantic Correlations for Empathetic Response Generation

Empathetic response generation aims to generate empathetic responses by understanding the speaker's emotional feelings from the language of dialogue. Recent methods capture emotional words in the language of communicators and construct them as static vectors to perceive nuanced emotions. However, linguistic research has shown that emotional words in language are dynamic and have correlations with other grammar semantic roles, i.e., words with semantic meanings, in grammar. Previous methods overlook these two characteristics, which easily lead to misunderstandings of emotions and neglect of key semantics. To address this issue, we propose a dynamical Emotion-Semantic Correlation Model (ESCM) for empathetic dialogue generation tasks. ESCM constructs dynamic emotion-semantic vectors through the interaction of context and emotions. We introduce dependency trees to reflect the correlations between emotions and semantics. Based on dynamic emotion-semantic vectors and dependency trees, we propose a dynamic correlation graph convolutional network to guide the model in learning context meanings in dialogue and generating empathetic responses. Experimental results on the EMPATHETIC-DIALOGUES dataset show that ESCM understands semantics and emotions more accurately and expresses fluent and informative empathetic responses. Our analysis results also indicate that the correlations between emotions and semantics are frequently used in dialogues, which is of great significance for empathetic perception and expression.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, Findings of EMNLP 202

Identification of target genes of transcription factor activator protein 2 gamma in breast cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Activator protein 2 gamma (AP-2γ) is a member of the transcription factor activator protein-2 (AP-2) family, which is developmentally regulated and plays a role in human neoplasia. AP-2γ has been found to be overexpressed in most breast cancers, and have a dual role to inhibit tumor initiation and promote tumor progression afterwards during mammary tumorigensis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To identify the gene targets that mediate its effects, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to isolate AP-2γ binding sites on genomic DNA from human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-453.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>20 novel DNA fragments proximal to potential AP-2γ targets were obtained. They are categorized into functional groups of carcinogenesis, metabolism and others. A combination of sequence analysis, reporter gene assays, quantitative real-time PCR, electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays and immunoblot analysis further confirmed the four AP-2γ target genes in carcinogenesis group: ErbB2, CDH2, HPSE and IGSF11. Our results were consistent with the previous reports that ErbB2 was the target gene of AP-2γ. Decreased expression and overexpression of AP-2γ in human breast cancer cells significantly altered the expression of these four genes, indicating that AP-2γ directly regulates them.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This suggested that AP-2γ can coordinate the expression of a network of genes, involving in carcinogenesis, especially in breast cancer. They could serve as therapeutic targets against breast cancers in the future.</p

Hydrogenetic and Diagenetic Controls on the Specific Surface Area of Polymetallic Nodules in Deep Ocean Basins

Polymetallic nodules (nodules) are a predominant deep-sea mineral resource due to theirenrichment with critical metals, such as Co, Ni, and Cu, and rare earth elements (REEs). The loose and porous nature of nodules contributes to their adsorption and enrichment in trace metals from seawater and pore water. Consequently, the specific surface area (SSA) of nodules is a key factor requiring further study. However, controls on the SSA of nodules with various genetic types remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate controls on nodule SSA by analyzing the transition metals, REEs, mineralogy, and SSA of nodules recovered from basins in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, including the Northwest Pacific Basin (NPB), Bauer Basin (BB), Tiki Basin (TB), Wharton Basin (WB), Central Indian Basin (CIB), and Angola Basin (AB). Nodule SSAs were compared among the various basins by calculating the BET SSA (based on the equation proposed by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller, 1938). The results suggest thatnodules from the PNB, WB, CIB, and AB are mainly hydrogenetic, and those nodules have a relatively high SSA, high Co, low Ni and Cu, positive Ce anomalies, and low X-ray diffraction (XRD) intensities at ~10 Å. The nodules from the BB and TB are mainly diagenetic in origin, characterized by a relatively low SSA, low Co, high Ni and Cu, negative Ce anomalies, and high XRD intensities at ~10 Å. The SSAs of nodules were significantly positively correlated with Co, δCe, and light REEs (LREEs), and negatively correlated with the XRD intensity at ~10 Å, Ni, and Cu. The SSAs of nodules from the NPB ranged from 329.440 m2/g to 418.711 m2/g, comparable to the SSAs of Co-rich crusts on seamounts. This study proposes that nodule SAA is regulated by nodule genesis and that hydrogenetic nodules have a higher SSA

Parameter Modulation of Madden-Julian Oscillation Behaviors in BCC_CSM1.2: The Key Role of Moisture-Shallow Convection Feedback

To reveal key parameter-related physical mechanisms in simulating Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), seven physical parameters in the convection and cloud parameterization schemes of Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC_CSM1.2) are perturbed with Latin hypercube sampling method. A new strategy is proposed to select runs with good and poor MJO simulations among 85 generated ones. Outputs and parameter values from good and poor simulations are composited separately for comparison. Among the seven chosen parameters, a decreased value of precipitation efficiency for shallow convection, higher values of relative humidity threshold for low stable clouds and evaporation efficiency for deep convective precipitation are crucial to simulate a better MJO. Changes of the three parameters act together to suppress heavy precipitation and increase the frequency of light rainfall over the Indo-Pacific region, supplying more moisture in low and middle troposphere. As a result of a wetter lower troposphere ahead of the MJO main convection, the low-level moisture preconditioning along with the leading shallow convection tends to be enhanced, favorable for MJO&#8217;s further development and eastward propagation. The MJO&#8217;s further propagation across the Maritime Continent (MC) in good simulations is accompanied with more land precipitation dominated by shallow convection. Therefore, the above-mentioned three parameters are found to be crucial parameters out of the seven ones for MJO simulation, providing an inspiration for better MJO simulation and prediction with this model. This work is valuable as it highlights the key role of moisture-shallow convection feedback in the MJO dynamics

Comparative Analysis of the Spectral Response to Soil Salinity of Saline-Sodic Soils under Different Surface Conditions

Desiccation cracking is a very common surface soil phenomenon of saline-sodic land. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salt content on the spectral reflectance of soil with and without desiccation cracks. To achieve our objective, a cracking test was performed using 17 soil samples. Following the tests, crack parameters were extracted, and correlation analysis was then performed between crack parameters and four soil properties: Na+, salinity (total concentration of ions), pH, and electric conductivity (EC). In order to select the optimum spectral measurement method and develop prediction models, spectral response to different soil properties were compared between the cracked soil samples and the comparative soil samples composed of the 2 mm particle size fraction processed by traditional methods. The results indicate that soil salinity dominated cracking propagation with a positive correlation. Since area and volume scattering are closer to what occurs in the field, a greater spectral response to soil properties was found for cracked soil samples relative to the comparative soil samples in the near-infrared and shortwave-infrared regions. The R2 of optimal linear prediction models based on the cracked soil samples were 0.74, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.67 for Na+, salinity, pH, and EC, respectively

Modeling and Analysis of vgs Characteristics for Upper-Side and Lower-Side Switches at Turn-on Transients for a 1200V/200A Full-SiC Power Module

In this work, a 1200V/200A full-SiC half-bridge power module was fabricated for high-power high-frequency application, and the characteristics of gate-source voltage ( v g s ) at turn-on transient under different output power was investigated via experiments, modeling, and simulation. Also, the comparison of the v g s characteristics between the upper-side and lower-side was conducted. From experiments, the v g s characteristics show negative spike issue and it becomes severe under higher output power conditions. On the other hand, the upper-side and lower-side show different characteristics, namely, the v g s spike of upper-side is superimposed by a 83.3 MHz high frequency oscillation during the process of v g s being pulled down, while the v g s spike of lower-side contains no oscillation. The mechanisms behind the influence of output power on the v g s spike characteristics and their difference between the upper-side and lower-side were studied via modeling and simulation. Equivalent RLC (resistance-inductance-capacitance) circuit models were proposed and established for the gate driver loops of the upper-side and lower-side based on the internal structure of the power module. With the help of the proposed models, v g s characteristics of the upper-side and lower-side were simulated and compared with the experimental results. The trend of changes in the v g s pulling-down and oscillation amplitude along with the increasing output power from simulation are consistent with that of the experimental results. In addition, different conditions of gate resistance for the SiC power module are compared. Through the comparison between the experiments and simulations, the validity of the proposed equivalent RLC circuit model and the rationality of the analysis about the mechanisms behind the v g s characteristics at turn-on transient for SiC half-bridge power module are confirmed

Identification and Fine Mapping of a Quantitative Trait Locus Controlling the Total Flower and Pod Numbers in Soybean

Total flower and pod numbers (TFPN) and effective pod numbers per plant (PNPP) are among the most important agronomic traits for soybean production. However, the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between JY73 (high TFPN) and TJSLH (low TFPN) to map loci for the two traits. In total, six QTL for TFPN and five QTL for PNPP were identified, among which a QTL on chromosome 4, named qFPN4, explained 9.2% and 9.6% of the phenotypic variation of TFPN and PNPP, respectively. Analysis of residual heterozygous lines for qFPN4 indicated that TFPN or PNPP was controlled by a single dominant gene at this locus and delimited the QTL into a ~2.62 Mb interval which tightly linked to an Indel marker C1-5. This mapping result was further confirmed by bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of the near isogenic lines. The genome-sequencing-based BSA also identified eight candidate genes carrying nonsynonymous SNPs and/or Indels; two genes, Glyma.04G176600 and Glyma.04G178900, were nominated as the most promising genes for qFPN4 based on additional expression and function analysis. These results improve our understanding of the genetic mechanism of TFPN and PNPP and indicate the potential for soybean yield improvement

The Influence of Hydrothermal Fluids on the REY-Rich Deep-Sea Sediments in the Yupanqui Basin, Eastern South Pacific Ocean: Constraints from Bulk Sediment Geochemistry and Mineralogical Characteristics

Rare earth elements (REEs) and yttrium (Y), together known as REY, are extremely enriched in deep-sea pelagic sediments, attracting much attention as a promising new REY resource. To understand the influence of hydrothermal processes on the enrichment of REY in deep-sea sediments from the eastern South Pacific Ocean, we conducted detailed lithological, bulk sediment geochemical, and in situ mineral geochemical analyses on gravity core sample S021GC17 from the Yupanqui Basin of eastern South Pacific. The REY-rich muds of S021GC17 are dark-brown to black zeolitic clays with REY contents (&Sigma;REY) ranging from 1057 to 1882 ppm (average 1329 ppm). The REY-rich muds display heavy rare earth elements (HREE) enriched patterns, with obvious depletions in Ce, and positive anomalies of Eu in Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized REE diagrams. In contrast, the muds of S021GC17 show light rare earth elements (LREE) enriched patterns and positive anomalies of Ce and Eu in the seawater-normalized REE diagrams. Total REY abundances in the core show positive correlations with CaO, P2O5, Fe2O3, and MnO concentrations. In situ analyses of trace element contents by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma&ndash;mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) demonstrate that bioapatite fossils contain high REY concentrations (998 to 22,497 ppm, average 9123 ppm), indicating that they are the primary carriers of REY. The in situ Nd isotope values of bioapatites are higher than the average values of seawater in Pacific Ocean. Fe&ndash;Mn micronodules are divided into hydrogenetic and diagenetic types, which have average REY concentrations of 1586 and 567 ppm, respectively. The high contents of Fe-Mn-Ba-Co-Mo, the positive correlations between &Sigma;REY and Fe-Mn, the ratios of Fe/Ti and Al/(Al + Fe + Mn), and the LREE-enriched patterns in the REY-rich muds, combined with high Nd isotope values shown by bioapatite fossils, strongly indicate that the hydrothermal fluids have played an important role in the formation of the REY-rich sediments in the eastern South Pacific Ocean

A Position Fixing Method for Near-Bottom Camera Data on the Seafloor

The submarine camera system is one of the most effective detection methods for detecting seabed hydrothermal sulfide. The position fixing of camera equipment is generally achieved by the ultra-short baseline (USBL) positioning systems. The dynamic changes in the marine environment and the loss of acoustic signals lead to many abnormal points in the USBL positioning data. The existing methods cannot perform position fixing correction for USBL positioning data with many scattered abnormal points. This paper selects and focuses on the seabed camera data of the XunMei mineralization area acquired from the China South Atlantic voyage and employs the DTW optimization algorithm to solve this problem. This method is implemented based on Python language and an ArcGIS technical environment, and a total of 97,469 topographic profiles with 10 m spacing are extracted from the topographic data of the object area with 1m accuracy. Moreover, the highest similarity (95.9%) is obtained between the bathymetric profile of the camera survey line and the above topographic profile. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is fast and effective, and the positioning correction accuracy of the deep-sea near-bottom camera data can reach the meter level (determined by the topographic data accuracy). Moreover, the solution can provide services for accurately position fixing near-bottom exploration equipment and its exploration data. It can also solve the problem of underwater position fixing problem that a GPS cannot solve