Secondary Privatization in Slovenia: Evolution of Ownership Structure and Company Performance Following Mass Privatization

This volume contains the output of country research undertaken in Slovenia in 2000-2001 by a team directed by Andreja Bohm and Marko Simoneti under the international comparative project "Secondary Privatization: the Evolution of Ownership Structures of Privatized Enterprises". The project was supported by the European Union's Phare ACE* Programme 1997 (project P97-8201 R) and was coordinated by Barbara Blaszczyk from the Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE) in Warsaw, Poland. The Slovenian research was additionally co-financed by the research grant received by Central and Eastern European Privatization Network from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Slovenia (V5-9140-98). The support of the ACE Programme made it possible to organize the cooperation of an international group of scholars (from the Czech Republic, France, Poland, Slovenia and the U.K.). The entire project was devoted to the investigation of secondary ownership changes in enterprises privatized in special privatization schemes (i.e., mass privatization schemes and MEBOs**) in three Central European countries - the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovenia. Through a combination of different research methods, such as secondary analysis of previous research, analysis of legal and other regulatory instruments, original field research, statistical data base research and econometric analysis of individual enterprise data, the project aimed to investigate the scope, pace and trends in secondary ownership changes, the factors and barriers affecting them and the degree of ownership concentration resulting from them. In presenting a clear picture of secondary privatization trends in Slovenia, the authors of this volume tried to evaluate the effectiveness of various privatization schemes in terms of their open-endedness (i.e., the degree to which they foster flexibility in adjustments of ownership structures) and in terms of achieving good corporate governance. Additionally, they formulate and examine hypotheses concerning the relationships between changes in the economic performance of enterprises and post-privatization changes in their ownership structures. This report also includes a set of recommendations concerning necessary changes in the regulations and policies governing privatization and capital markets in Slovenia, designed to foster the development of privatized enterprises and to meet the requirements of the process of accession to the European Union. We hope that the results of this research will be of great interest for everyone interested in the little-researched question of what has happened to companies after privatization in transition countries.privatization, secondary transactions, corporate governance, transition economies, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Poland

PEMBERLAKUAN KETENTUAN PIDANA DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah terjadinya tindak pidana terhadap sumber daya air dan bagaimanakah pemberlakuan ketentuan pidana Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 tentang Sumber Daya Air yang dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Tindak pidana sumber daya air diantaranya seperti perbuatan dengan sengaja melakukan kegiatan yang mengakibatkan kerusakan sumber air dan prasarananya dan/atau pencemaran air dan melakukan kegiatan yang mengakibatkan terjadinya daya rusak air, mengganggu upaya pengawetan air, menggunakan sumber daya air yang menimbulkan kerusakan pada sumber air, lingkungan dan/atau prasarana sumber daya air di sekitarnya dan melakukan pendayagunaan sumber daya air di kawasan suaka alam dan kawasan pelestarian alam serta melakukan kegiatan pelaksanaan konstruksi prasarana sumber daya air dan nonkonstruksi pada sumber air tanpa memperoleh izin dari pemerintah pusat atau pemerintah daerah dan bentuk tindak pidana lainnya sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 tentang Sumber Daya Air. 2. Pemberlakuan ketentuan pidana dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sumber Daya Air, berupa pidana penjara dan pidana denda. Dalam hal tindak pidana sumber daya air terbukti secara sah menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dilakukan oleh badan usaha, pidana dikenakan terhadap badan usaha, pemberi perintah untuk melakukan tindak pidana, dan/ atau pimpinan badan usaha yang bersangkutan. Pidana yang dikenakan terhadap badan usaha berupa: pidana denda terhadap badan usaha sebesar dua kali pidana denda. Pidana penjara terhadap pemberi perintah untuk melakukan tindak pidana dan/ atau pimpinan badan usaha yang lamanya sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 tentang Sumber Daya Air.Kata kunci: air; sumber daya air

Evidence-based surgery

Background: Surgery is setting a new ground by the reign of evidence that was brought up by the Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). While experiences and opinion of an expert count the least by the principles of EBM, randomized controlled trials (RCT) and other comparative studies have gained their importance. Recommendations that were included in guidelines represent a demanding shift in surgeon’s professional thinking. Their thinking and classical education have not yet been completely based on the results of such studies and are still very very much master-pupil centred. Assessment of someone’s own experiences is threatened by objectivity as negative experiences get recorded in deeper memory. Randomized studies and meta-analyses do appear also in surgery. However, they demand an extra knowledge about critical assessment.Conclusions: Setting a patient to the foreground brings a surgeon’s decision to the field of EBM. The process has already begun and cannot be avoided. Decision hierarchy moves from the experience field to the evidence territory but to a lesser extent when compared to the rest of medicine. There exist objective restrictions with approving a new paradigm. However, these should not stop the process of EBM implementation. Finally, there is an ethic issue to be considered. Too slow activities in research, education and critical assessment can bring the surgeon to the position when a well-informed patient loses his/her trust.</p

Surviving systemic audism: a participatory action research study of Deaf professionals' educational experiences and community cultural wealth

Implemented in 1998, the original intention of the California Newborn Hearing Screening Program (NHSP) was to provide Deaf babies early language opportunities so they can be successful academically. However, 20 years after the inception of the NHSP, Deaf children continue to be the lowest-performing group of students in public schools. One reason for the low achievement of Deaf children is the NHSP's medical orientation toward Deafness, which means that they encourage families to get their Deaf baby hearing aids and/or cochlear implants, along with listening and speech training, while discouraging the learning of signed languages. In privileging the medical model, they also disregard the expertise of Deaf professionals. All of this occurs within a larger culture of audism prevalent throughout the United States, which maintains the deficit medical model as the dominant approach to being Deaf, ultimately harming Deaf children. I argue that Deaf professionals offer linguistic, cultural, and educational resources to support families of Deaf infants and young children with early access to natural signed language opportunities. In this study, I focus on illuminating this capital, drawing on the conceptual frameworks of DeafCrit and Deaf Community Cultural Wealth. Employing a qualitative approach, I drew on Timeline Activity, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, &amp; Threats (S.W.O.T.) assessment, De'VIA arts-based methods, and group discussions to identify the resources that Deaf professionals bring, including their intersecting identities, and how they might be utilized in the Newborn Hearing Screening Program, medical, and educational systems

A systematic review of correlates of sedentary behaviour in adults aged 18–65 years: a socio-ecological approach

Background: Recent research shows that sedentary behaviour is associated with adverse cardio-metabolic consequences even among those considered sufficiently physically active. In order to successfully develop interventions to address this unhealthy behaviour, factors that influence sedentariness need to be identified and fully understood. The aim of this review is to identify individual, social, environmental, and policy-related determinants or correlates of sedentary behaviours among adults aged 18-65 years. Methods: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2000 and September 2015. The search strategy was based on four key elements and their synonyms: (a) sedentary behaviour (b) correlates (c) types of sedentary behaviours (d) types of correlates. Articles were included if information relating to sedentary behaviour in adults (18-65 years) was reported. Studies on samples selected by disease were excluded. The full protocol is available from PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2014:CRD42014009823). Results: 74 original studies were identified out of 4041: 71 observational, two qualitative and one experimental study. Sedentary behaviour was primarily measured as self-reported screen leisure time and total sitting time. In 15 studies, objectively measured total sedentary time was reported: accelerometry (n = 14) and heart rate (n = 1). Individual level factors such as age, physical activity levels, body mass index, socio-economic status and mood were all significantly correlated with sedentariness. A trend towards increased amounts of leisure screen time was identified in those married or cohabiting while having children resulted in less total sitting time. Several environmental correlates were identified including proximity of green space, neighbourhood walkability and safety and weather. Conclusions: Results provide further evidence relating to several already recognised individual level factors and preliminary evidence relating to social and environmental factors that should be further investigated. Most studies relied upon cross-sectional design limiting causal inference and the heterogeneity of the sedentary measures prevented direct comparison of findings. Future research necessitates longitudinal study designs, exploration of policy-related factors, further exploration of environmental factors, analysis of inter-relationships between identified factors and better classification of sedentary behaviour domains