Mogućnost zaštite pasulja od Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli primenom bakarnih preparata i aktivatora otpornosti

The efficacy of several new formulations of copper compounds, namely Cuprozin 35 WP (copper-oxychloride), Cuproxat (copper-sulphate), Funguran OH (copper-hydroxide) and the plant activator Bion (acibenzolar-S-methyl), and their combinations with dithiocarbamates (Dithane M-70) was estimated in controlling Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (artificial inoculation) in field conditions in two localities during 2006. In the locality Zemun, the efficacy of copper compounds ranged from 92.7% to 98.5%. The plant activator Bion 50 WG exhibited similar efficacy (94.4-97.1%). Combinations of Funguran OH and Dithane M-70, applied at different concentrations, also showed high efficacy (98.3-99.3%), as well as the combinations of Bion 50 WG and the other bactericides (95.5-96.8%). There was no significant difference between the efficacies achieved by the compounds applied individually and their combinations, except Cuproxat, which exhibited decreased efficacy at lower concentration. In the locality Smederevska Palanka, the efficacy of copper compounds was 95.0-98.2%, while Bion achieved 96.8-97.7% efficacy. Combinations of copper-hydroxide (Funguran OH) and dithiocarbamates (Dithane M-70) also showed high efficacy (98.1- 99.4%) but without a significant difference. The efficacy of combinations of Bion and copper- hydroxide, and Bion and mancozeb was 97.9-98.9%. There was no significant difference in the efficacies of the bactericides tested or the efficacies of their combinations in that locality. Our investigation confirmed high efficacy of acibenzolar-S-methyl, which was equal to the efficacy of standard bactericide treatment. This compound therefore offers a very good alternative to conventional chemicals used for controlling bacterial diseases in beans.U radu je ispitivana efikasnost novijih formulacija bakarnih jedinjenja; Cuprozin 35 WP (bakar-oksihlorid), Cuproxat (bakar-sulfat), Funguran OH (bakar-hidroksid) i aktivatora otpornosti Bion-a (acibenzolar-S-metil), i njihovih kombinacija sa ditiokarbamatima (Dithane M-70), u suzbijanju Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (veštačka inokulacija). Ispitivanja su obavljena tokom 2006. godine u poljskim uslovima na dva lokaliteta. Na lokalitetu Zemun, efikasnost bakarnih preparata kretala se 92.7-98.5%. Sličnu efikasnost ispoljio je i activator otpornosti Bion 50 WG (94.4-97.1%). Zadovoljavajuću efikasnost (98.3-99.3%) imale su I kombinacije preparata Funguran OH i Dithane M-70 pri različitim koncentracijama primene, kao i kombinacije Bion-a sa drugim preparatima (95.5-96.8%). Statistički značajne razlike u efikasnosti primenjenih preparata i njihovih mešavina nisu zabeležene, izuzev kod preparata Cuproxat, koji je ispoljio slabiju efikasnost pri nižoj koncentraciji primene. Na lokalitetu Smederevska Palanka efikasnost bakarnih jedinjenja iznosila je 95.0-98.2%, a za Bion 96.8-97.7%. Kombinacije bakar-hidroksida (Funguran OH) i ditiokarbamata (Dithane M-70) ispoljile su nešto veću efikasnost (98.1-99.4%), ali razlike nisu bile statistički značajne. Efikasnost Bion-a u mešavini sa bakar-hidroksidom i mankozebom iznosila je 97.9-98.9%. Na ovom lokalitetu nisu konstatovane statistički značajne razlike između samostalno primenjenih preparata i njihovih kombinacija. U ovim ispitivanjima potvrđena je i visoka efikasnost acibenzolar-S-metil-a (preparat Bion), koja je bila na nivou efikasnosti standardnih baktericida. Zbog toga ovo jedinjenje predstavlja dobru alternativu konvencionalnom hemijskom suzbijanju bakterioza pasulja

Efikasnost bakarnih preparata u suzbijanju Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, prouzrokovača bakteriozne pegavosti lišća paprika

The efficacy of several new formulations of copper compounds in controlling Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in pepper was estimated in field conditions using artificial inoculation. The efficacies of Cuprozin 35 WP (copper-oxychloride) and Blauvit (copper-hydroxide) were tested in the localities Dobanovci and Kupinovo in 2005. Another two formulations, Cuproxat (copper-sulfate) and Fungohem SC (copper-hydroxide), were tested along with the previous two in the localities Zemun and Smederevska Palanka in 2006. Both bactericides tested in 2005 exhibited high efficacy in controlling X. c. pv. vesicatoria in both localities. However, there were no significant differences in the efficacy of Cuprozin 35 WP at higher concentration (74.3%-78.7%) and Blauvit (74.6%-78.9%) in the two trials. Cuprozin 35 WP decreased efficacy, but a satisfactory effectiveness was still achieved at lower concentration (66.5%-66.5%). In the experiments conducted in 2006, higher concentration of Fungohem SC showed the highest efficacy (86.1%-89.1%) in controlling bacterial spot of pepper. Blauvit, Cuprozin 35 WP and Cuproxat also exhibited high efficacy. However, there were no significant differences in the efficacy of these bactericides between the two localities. Fungohem SC applied at lower concentration was less effective (77.2%-80.0%) but its efficacy was still good enough. Our experiments showed that copper bactericides based on copper-sulfate, copper-oxychloride and copper-hydroxide exhibited satisfactory efficacy in controlling the causal agent of bacterial spot of pepper in our climatic conditions.Ispitivana je efikasnost novijih formulacija bakarnih preparata u suzbijanju Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria na paprici u uslovima veštačke inokulacije u polju. U 2005-oj godini, na lokalitetima Dobanovci i Kupinovo, ispitivana je efikasnost preparata Cuprozin 35 WP (bakar- oksihlorid) i Blauvit (bakar- hidroksid). Tokom 2006. godine osim ovih preparata primenjeni su i Cuproxat (bakar-sulfat trobazni) i Fungohem SC (bakar-hidroksid), na lokalitetima Zemun i Smederevska Palanka. Preparati ispitivani u 2005-oj godini ispoljili su zadovoljavajuć u efikasnost u suzbijanju X. c. pv. vesicatoria na oba lokaliteta. Između efikasnosti preparata Cuprozin 35 WP pri višoj koncentraciji primene (74,3%-78,7%) i preparata Blauvit (74,6%-78,9%) nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika u oba ogleda. Nešto nižu, ali zadovoljavajuć u efikasnost ispoljio je Cuprozin 35 WP pri nižoj koncentraciji primene (66,5%-66,5%). U ogledima izvedenim tokom 2006. godine, najveću efikasnost u suzbijanju prouzrokovača bakteriozne pegavosti paprike ispoljio je preparat Fungohem SC (86,1%-89,1%) pri višoj koncentraciji primene. Preparati Blauvit, Cuprozin 35 WP i Cuproxat pokazali su takođe visoku efikasnost tako da statistički značajne razlike nisu zabeležene između tretmana ovim preparatima na oba lokaliteta. Nešto nižu, mada zadovoljavajuću efikasnost imao je preparat Fungohem SC primenjen u nižoj koncentraciji (77,2%-80,0%). Naši ogledi pokazali su da preparati na bazi bakarsulfata trobaznog, bakar- oksihlorida i bakar- hidroksida u našim klimatskim uslovima ispoljavaju zadovoljavajuć­u efikasnost u suzbijanju prouzrokovača bakteriozne pegavosti paprike

Efikasnost biofungicida Polyversum™ u suzbijanju Botrytis cinerea Pers. na plodovima maline

Efficacy of a biological fungicide product, Polyversum™ (Pythium oligandrum Drechsler), in controlling grey mould of raspberries Botrytis cinerea Pers. was tested at sites around Valjevo, Požega and Šabac in 2004, 2005 and 2006. The experiments were conducted and data processed using EPPO methods. Efficacy was found to be significantly lower statistically in the experimental variants involving Polyversum™ biofungicide (E = 18.0%-53.9%) than the standard botricide Ronilan- DF (E = 56.6%-90.3%). Our results show that the biological product Polyversum™ achieved significant efficacy although poorer than the standard fungicide Ronilan-DF. As it is a biological product almost entirely free of any toxicological and ecotoxicological limitations, it offers a significant advantage for widespread usage in plant protection.U toku 2004, 2005. i 2006. godine, na lokalitetima Valjeva, Požege i Šapca, ispitivana je efikasnost biološkog preparata Polyversum ™ (Pythium oligandrum Drechsler) u suzbijanju prouzrokovača sive truleži plodova maline Botrytis cinerea Pers. Eksperimenti su izvedeni i podaci obrađeni po metodama EPPO. Utvrđeno je da je u varijantama primene biofungicida Polyversum ™ efikasnost (E=18.0%- 53.9%) statistički značajno slabija od standardnog botriticida Ronilan- DF (E=56.6%-90.3%). Ispoljena efikasnost biološkog preparata Polyversum je značajna, iako slabija od standardnog fungicida Ronilan- DF. S obzirom da je reč o biološkom preparatu koji gotovo da nema toksikoloških i ekotoksikoloških ograničenja, to mu daje značajnu prednost za širu upotrebu u zaštiti bilja

In vitro osetljivost Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) na difenokonazol, protiokonazol i tiofanat-metil

A survey of in vitro sensitivity of eight isolates of the Fusarium graminearum to the fungicides difenoconazole, prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl, was undertaken. The isolates were isolated from infected wheat heads collected from 8 different localities in Serbia over the period 2005-2006. Among the tested isolates ZE (RF=11.34), RU (RF=5.98) and AR (RF=5.08) isolates showed moderate resistance to difenoconazole. The EC50 values of this isolates were 19.16, 10.09, and 8.59 mg l-1, respectively. The isolates ZE (RF=5.38) and RU (RF=4.43) also showed the moderate resistance to prothoconazole. The EC50 values were 9.69 and 7.97 mg l-1, respectively. All the isolates tested were the least sensitive to thiophanate- methyl. The EC50 values were in range of 12.1 to 64.03 mg l-1. The highest resistance factor was found for the isolates ZE (RF=5.29).Ispitivana je osetljivost osam izolata Fusarium graminearum na difenokonazol, protiokonazol i tiofanat-metil. Izolati su dobijeni iz zaraženih klasova pšenica sakupljenih tokom 2005. i 2006. godine sa osam različitih lokaliteta iz Srbije. Izolati ZE (RF=11,34), RU (RF=5,98) i AR (RF=5,08) su ispoljili umerenu rezistentnost na difenokonazol. Dobijene EC50 vrednosti ovih izolata bile su 19,16, 10,09, i 8,59 mg l-1. Izolati ZE (RF=5,38) i RU (RF=4,43) su ispoljili umerenu rezistentnost na protiokonazol. Dobijene EC50 vrednosti iznosile su 9,69 i 7,97 mg l-1. Svi ispitivani izolati ispoljili su najmanju osetljivost na tiofanat-metil. Dobijene EC50 vrednosti su bile u opsegu od 12,1 do 64,03 mg l-1. Najveći faktor rezistentnosti je utvrđen kod izolata ZE (RF=5,29)

Osetljivost genotipova pasulja na Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli u zaštićenom prostoru

Plants of 17 bean genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for their reaction to X. campestris pv. phaseoli, the causal agent of common blight of beans, following leaf-spray inoculation with bacterial suspension (108 cfu/ml). The plants were evaluated based on the number of leaf lesions, and the disease severity index (DSI) was calculated. The evaluated genotypes showed various levels of susceptibility to X. campestris pv. phaseoli strain VS-1. The results of both experiments showed that the cultivar Oreol was the most resistant. The genotypes: KB 142, HR-45, Tisa and Panonski tetovac also showed low susceptibility with DSI values in the first trial ranging from 2.27 to 3.60. The same genotypes, with the exception of Panonski tetovac, were also categorized as low-susceptible to the bacterium in the second experiment, having the DSI values between 2.27 and 3.60. Most genotypes (Slavonski žutozeleni, Zlatko, Biser, Sremac, Naya Nayahit) were categorized as susceptible in the first experiment, including Panonski tetovac in the second one, while the genotypes Dvadesetica, Prelom and Oplenac displayed the highest susceptibility in both trials.Ispitivana je reakcija 17 genotipova pasulja i boranije na X. campestris. pv. phaseoli, prouzrokovača obične bakteriozne plamenjače pasulja u uslovima staklenika nakon inokulacije biljaka prskanjem bakterijskom suspenzijom (108 ćel/ml). Reakcija biljaka ocenjivana je na osnovu broja pega na lišću i izračunat je indeks oboljenja (IO). Proučavani genotipovi su ispoljili različit nivo osetljivosti na soj bakterije VS-1. U oba ogleda najveću otpornost je ispoljila sorta oreol. Slabo osetljivim genotipovima u prvom ogledu pripadali su genotipovi KB 142, HR-45, tisa i panonski tetovac sa IO 2,73-3,93. Isti genotipovi, osim panonskog tetovca, i u drugom ogledu su svrstani u kategoriju slabo osetljivih (IO 2,27 do 3,60). Najveći broj genotipova pripadao je kategoriji osetljivih (slavonski žutozeleni, zlatko, biser, sremac, Naya Nayahit) u prvom ogledu, a u drugom, pored navedenih genotipova, spada i panonski tetovac. Najveću osetljivost u oba ogleda ispoljile su sorte dvadesetica, prelom i oplenac

Efikasnost kombinacije fluopikolida i fosetil-Al (Profiler®) za suzbijanje prouzrokovača plamenjače vinove loze (Plasmopara viticola) u poljskim uslovima

The efficacy of new fungicide mixtures in controlling Plasmopara viticola in grapevine was evaluated in field trials. The efficacies of Profiler (fluopicolide + fosetyl-Al) and the standard fungicide Mikal Flash (fosetyl-Al + folpet) were tested at Radmilovac and Slankamenaèki Vinogradi in 2006 and 2007. Both tested fungicides exhibited high efficacy in controlling grape downy mildew. There were no significant differencies in the efficacies of Profiler (96.1-99.7%) and Mikal Flash (94.9-99.2%). Our experiments showed that the investigated fungicide mixture fluopicolide + fosetyl-Al is highly effective against P. viticola, even when it it is applied at long intervals and under high disease pressure.Ispitivana je efikasnost nove kombinacije fungicida za suzbijanje Plasmopara viticola na vinovoj lozi u poljskim uslovima. U 2006. i 2007. godini ispitivana je efikasnost Profiler (fluopikolid + fosetil-Al) u odnosu na standardni fungicid Mikal Flash (fosetil-Al + folpet) na lokalitetima Radmilovac i Slankamenački Vinogradi. Oba ispitivana fungicida ispoljila su visoku efikasnost u suzbijanju prouzrokovača plamenjače vinove loze. Između efikasnosti Profiler (96,1- 99,7%) i Mikal Flash (94,9- 99,2%), nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika. Naši ogledi su pokazali da je ispitivana kombinacija fungicida fluopikolid + fosetil-Al visoko efikasna protiv P. viticola, čak i kada se primenjuje u dužim vremenskim intervalima kao i pri uslovima jake zaraze

Morfološke i patogene karakteristike gljive Cladobotryum dendroides, prouzrokovača paučinaste plesni šampinjona Agaricus bisporus u Srbiji

Twenty isolates were isolated from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus collected from Serbian mushroom farms during 2003-2007. The isolates formed white, cottony, aerial colonies on agar media. With age, conidia and colonies turned yellow and redish. Pathogenicity of these isolates was confirmed by inoculation of harvested basidiomes of A. bisporus and by casing inoculation. Symptoms similar to natural infection were recorded. Based on pathogenicity tests and morphological characteristics, the isolates were identified as Cladobotryum dendroides (Bulliard : Fries) W. Gams & Hoozemans.Dvadeset mikrofungalnih izolata je dobijeno iz obolelih plodonosnih tela Agaricus bisporus prikupljenih iz gajilišta u Srbiji u periodu od 2003. do 2007. godine. Izolati su obrazovali bele, vazdušne kolonije na krompir-dekstroznoj podlozi. Nakon nekoliko dana kolonije su poprimile žutu i ružičastu boju. Veštačkim inokulacijama ubranih plodonosnih tela A. bisporus i pokrivke za gajenje šampinjona, pojavili su se simptomi paučinaste plesni. Izolati su identifikovani na osnovu morfoloških i patogenih osobina kao Cladobotryum dendroides (Bulliard : Fries) W. Gams & Hoozemans

In vitro toksičnost fungicida različitih mehanizama delovanja za Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach

Isolates of Agaricus bisporus strains F56 and U3 were tested for sensitivity to several selected fungicides in vitro. The analysis showed that flusilasole + carbendazim and cyproconazole + carbendazim were the most toxic fungicides to A. bisporus strain F56 with respective EC50 values of 0.04 and 0.23 mg/l. The least toxic fungicides were carbendazim (EC50 = 16.58 mg/l) and trifloxystrobin (EC50 = 20.69 mg/l) to A. bisporus F56 and benomyl (EC50 = 14.99 mg/l) to A. bisporus U3.Ispitana je in vitro toksičnost odabranih fungicida za sojeve F56 i U3 Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. Analiza je pokazala da su fungicidi fluzilazol + karbendazim i ciprokonazol + karbendazim pokazali najveću toksičnost za soj F56 A. bisporus sa EC50 vrednostima 0.04 i 0.23 mg/l. Karbendazim (EC50 = 16.58 mg/l) i trifloksistrobin (EC50 = 20.69 mg/l) su bili najmanje toksični fungicidi za A. bisporus F56 i benomil (EC50 = 14.99 mg/l) za A. bisporus U3