Changes in Intestinal Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways During Colonic Fermentation of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)—Based Bar Indigestible Fraction

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel ‘Ataulfo’ mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non irradiated (UVMangoBand MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Prevotella and Bacteroides genera. The alpha indexes showed a decrease in microbial diversity after 6 h of colonic fermentation. The coordinates analysis indicated any differences between irradiated and non-irradiated bar. The metabolic prediction demonstrated that MangoB and UVMangoB increase the microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathway. This study suggests that IF of mango-based bar induced beneficial changes on microbial ecology and metabolic pathway that could be promissory to prevention or treatment of metabolic dysbiosis. However, in vivo interventions are necessary to confirm the interactions between microbiota modulating and intestinal beneficial effects

Pruebas no condicionadas en ratones para evaluar la actividad ansiolítica de sustancias extraídas de plantas

In the last year the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacobiology at the Medicine Faculty of the Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas UNACH has been setting up several non-conditioned tests for the study of anxiety in animal models.In this work a literature review updates the knowledge of useful tests in the assessment of anxiety. These tests are used in the research of plant extracts based on ethnobotanical findings of traditional medicine of Chiapas, which have been developed with modest financial resources of the Medical Faculty of the University and self-financing by the researchers, given the knowledge generation and the possibility of extending the therapeutic expectations with natural resources as the most valuable input. It is also of interest to the research team in this process to link researchers from other universities and health institutions who are studying compounds extracted from plants andserve as a basis for obtaining non-synthetic drugs for treatment of anxiety in humans.En el último año, el Laboratorio Experimental de Farmacobiología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), ha venido sistematizando pruebas no condicionadas para el estudio de la ansiedad en modelos animales. En este trabajo se efectúa una revisión bibliográfica que actualiza el conocimiento sobre las pruebas útiles en la evaluación de la ansiedad. Estas pruebas las utilizamos en los trabajos de investigación de extractos vegetales con base en hallazgos etnobotánicos de la medicina tradicional chiapaneca, los cuales se han desarrollado con modestos recursos financieros de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad y autofinanciamiento por parte de los investigadores, considerando la generación de conocimiento y la posibilidad de ampliar las expectativas terapéuticas con recursos naturales, como el insumo de mayor valor.Además, es de interés para el equipo investigador vincular en este proceso a investigadores de otras universidades e instituciones de salud que estén estudiando compuestos extraídos de plantas y que sirvan como base en la obtención de fármacos no sintéticos para tratamiento de la ansiedad en el hombre

Pruebas no condicionadas en ratones para evaluar la actividad ansiolítica de sustancias extraídas de plantas

In the last year the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacobiology at the Medicine Faculty of the Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas UNACH has been setting up several non-conditioned tests for the study of anxiety in animal models.In this work a literature review updates the knowledge of useful tests in the assessment of anxiety. These tests are used in the research of plant extracts based on ethnobotanical findings of traditional medicine of Chiapas, which have been developed with modest financial resources of the Medical Faculty of the University and self-financing by the researchers, given the knowledge generation and the possibility of extending the therapeutic expectations with natural resources as the most valuable input. It is also of interest to the research team in this process to link researchers from other universities and health institutions who are studying compounds extracted from plants andserve as a basis for obtaining non-synthetic drugs for treatment of anxiety in humans.En el último año, el Laboratorio Experimental de Farmacobiología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), ha venido sistematizando pruebas no condicionadas para el estudio de la ansiedad en modelos animales. En este trabajo se efectúa una revisión bibliográfica que actualiza el conocimiento sobre las pruebas útiles en la evaluación de la ansiedad. Estas pruebas las utilizamos en los trabajos de investigación de extractos vegetales con base en hallazgos etnobotánicos de la medicina tradicional chiapaneca, los cuales se han desarrollado con modestos recursos financieros de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad y autofinanciamiento por parte de los investigadores, considerando la generación de conocimiento y la posibilidad de ampliar las expectativas terapéuticas con recursos naturales, como el insumo de mayor valor.Además, es de interés para el equipo investigador vincular en este proceso a investigadores de otras universidades e instituciones de salud que estén estudiando compuestos extraídos de plantas y que sirvan como base en la obtención de fármacos no sintéticos para tratamiento de la ansiedad en el hombre

Dysfunctional Heteroreceptor Complexes as Novel Targets for the Treatment of Major Depressive and Anxiety Disorders.

Among mental diseases, major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety deserve a special place due to their high prevalence and their negative impact both on society and patients suffering from these disorders. Consequently, the development of novel strategies designed to treat them quickly and efficiently, without or at least having limited side effects, is considered a highly important goal. Growing evidence indicates that emerging properties are developed on recognition, trafficking, and signaling of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) upon their heteromerization with other types of GPCRs, receptor tyrosine kinases, and ionotropic receptors such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Therefore, to develop new treatments for MDD and anxiety, it will be important to identify the most vulnerable heteroreceptor complexes involved in MDD and anxiety. This review focuses on how GPCRs, especially serotonin, dopamine, galanin, and opioid heteroreceptor complexes, modulate synaptic and volume transmission in the limbic networks of the brain. We attempt to provide information showing how these emerging concepts can contribute to finding new ways to treat both MDD and anxiety disorders

New medicines inspirated in Annonaceae = Nuevos fármacos inspirados en Annonáceas

Active secondary metabolites (ASM) play a highly significant role in the drug discovery. Natural complex chemical skeleton such as statins isolated from Aspergillus terreus, or acetogenins specific from Annonaceae family, are not able to be invented in any laboratory. The ASM isolated from Annonaces, especially acetogenins and isoquinoline alkaloids should be considered as a source of continuous inspiration for the chemists, the pharmacologists and all researchers that are interested in discovering a new drug family. --- Los metabolitos secundarios activos (MSA) juegan un papel importante en el descubrimiento de nuevos medicamentos. Moléculas naturales con esqueletos complejos, tales como las estatinas aisladas de Aspergillus terreus, o las acetogeninas específicas de la familia Annonaceae, no hubieran podido ser inventadas en ningún laboratorio. Los MSA aislados en Annonaceae, especialmente las acetogeninas y los alcaloides isoquinoleínicos, pueden ser considerados como fuente constante de inspiración para químicos, farmacólogos y para todos los investigadores interesados en el descubrimiento de una nueva familia de medicamentos