The Design And Simulation Of Flow Mode Electrorheological Damper

Electrorheological (ER) Damper Is A Damper That Utilizes Electrorheological Fluid As The Working Fluid. By Changing The Strength Of Applied Electric Field To The Fluid, The Flow Resistance Of The Fluid Changes And Hence The Damping Characteristic Could Be Adjusted. This Paper Provides Theoretical Formulation To Calculate The Damping Constant Of Semi-Active Flow Mode ER Damper. The Formula Is Developed By Analyzing Fluid Velocity Profile That Flows In Electrode Gap. From The Simulation, It Shows That Electric Field Strength Gives Severe Effect To The Damping Level Of The Damper. Without Applying Electric Field, A Reduction On The Gap Of Electrode From 3 To 1 Mm Will Increase The Damping Constant Value By A Factor Of Only 27, While With A 3 Kvmm–1 Electric Field Being Applied, The Increase Is By A Factor Of 595

Analysis of spinel materials for aluminium smelter applications

Aluminium is produced through an energy-intensive Hall-Heroult process that has significant impact to environment. These are mainly due to the necessities of high heat loss needed to form frozen-ledge to protect cell from corrosion. This study explores the potential use of Nickel-Ferrite and Aluminate, and Magnesium-Aluminate spinels, as ledge-free sidewall materials that may reduce the energy demand and carbon footprint of Hall-Heroult process. This includes fabrication of the spinels, thermodynamics and kinetics analysis, corrosion testing, and interfacial study of electrolyte-spinel-aluminium systems. New sidewall designs that utilises these spinels were proposed and experiments on joining the spinels has also been conducted

Sidewall materials for Hall-Heroult process

The performance of current sidewalls made of carbon and silicon based materials relies on the existence of a frozen electrolyte layer. The development of the Hall-Heroult cell technologies such as inert anodes and wettable cathodes, call for new sidewall materials since the frozen ledge may no longer be applicable. Nickel ferrite has been identified as a possible sidewall material, particularly in relation to its resistance to cryolite and air attack. The presentation proposes some strategies to tackle the combined corrosive action of cryolite, molten aluminium and oxygen upon sidewalls. A multi-layer approach is proposed that optimizes both the chemical and heat flux requirements of a sidewall. Issues relating to joining of materials, process control, manufacturing, maintenance and cost need to be addressed before new sidewall designs can be implemented

Sidewall materials for hall-heroult process

The performance of current sidewalls made of carbon and silicon based materials relies on the existence of a frozen electrolyte layer. The development of the Hall-Heroult cell technologies such as inert anodes and wettable cathodes, call for new sidewall materials since the frozen ledge may no longer be applicable. Nickel ferrite has been identified as a possible sidewall material, particularly in relation to its resistance to cryolite and air attack. The presentation proposes some strategies to tackle the combined corrosive action of cryolite, molten aluminium and oxygen upon sidewalls. A multi-layer approach is proposed that optimizes both the chemical and heat flux requirements of a sidewall. Issues relating to joining of materials, process control, manufacturing, maintenance and cost need to be addressed before new sidewall designs can be implemented

Sidewall materials for Hall-Haroult process

The performance of current sidewalls made of carbon and silicon based materials relies on the existence of a frozen electrolyte layer. The development of the Hall-Haroult cell technologies such as inert anodes and wettable cathodes, call for new sidewall materials since the frozen ledge may no longer be applicable. Nickel ferrite has been identified as a possible sidewall material, particularly in relation to its resistance to cryolite and air attack. This paper proposes some strategies to tackle the combined corrosive action of cryolite, molten aluminium and oxygen upon sidewalls. A multi-layer approach is proposed that optimizes both the chemical and heat flux requirements of a sidewall. Issues relating to joining of materials, process control, manufacturing, maintenance and cost need to be addressed before new sidewall designs can be implemented

Microparticles of High Entropy Alloys Made by Laser-Induced Forward Transfer

The controlled deposition of CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high-entropy alloy (HEA) microparticles was achieved by using laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT). Ultra-short laser pulses of 230 fs of 515 nm wavelength were tightly focused into ∼2.4 μm focal spots on the ∼50-nm thick plasma-sputtered films of CoCrFeNiMo0.2. The morphology of HEA microparticles can be controlled at different fluences. The HEA films were transferred onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering in a vacuum (10−8 atm) from the thermal spray-coated substrates. The absorption coefficient of CoCrFeNiMo0.2α≈6×105 cm−1 was determined at 600-nm wavelength. The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index (n+iκ) of HEA were determined from reflectance and transmittance by using nanofilms