140 research outputs found
Perceived neighborhood safety and incident mobility disability among elders: the hazards of poverty
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We investigated whether lack of perceived neighborhood safety due to crime, or living in high crime neighborhoods was associated with incident mobility disability in elderly populations. We hypothesized that low-income elders and elders at retirement age (65 – 74) would be at greatest risk of mobility disability onset in the face of perceived or measured crime-related safety hazards.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted the study in the New Haven Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE), a longitudinal cohort study of community-dwelling elders aged 65 and older who were residents of New Haven, Connecticut in 1982. Elders were interviewed beginning in 1982 to assess mobility (ability to climb stairs and walk a half mile), perceptions of their neighborhood safety due to crime, annual household income, lifestyle characteristics (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity), and the presence of chronic co-morbid conditions. Additionally, we collected baseline data on neighborhood crime events from the New Haven Register newspaper in 1982 to measure local area crime rates at the census tract level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At baseline in 1982, 1,884 elders were without mobility disability. After 8 years of follow-up, perceiving safety hazards was associated with increased risk of mobility disability among elders at retirement age whose incomes were below the federal poverty line (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02 – 2.37). No effect of perceived safety hazards was found among elders at retirement age whose incomes were above the poverty line. No effect of living in neighborhoods with high crime rates (measured by newspaper reports) was found in any sub-group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Perceiving a safety hazard due to neighborhood crime was associated with increased risk of incident mobility disability among impoverished elders near retirement age. Consistent with prior literature, retirement age appears to be a vulnerable period with respect to the effect of neighborhood conditions on elder health. Community violence prevention activities should address perceived safety among vulnerable populations, such as low-income elders at retirement age, to reduce future risks of mobility disability.</p
Ageing, Leisure, and Social Connectedness: How could Leisure Help Reduce Social Isolation of Older People?
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A study on the extent and activities of family foundations in South Africa: final report
Prepared for the Southern African Grantmakers Association (SAGA), Augus
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An exploratory study into future cooperation between South Africa and the European Union in the governance sector
Report for the European Prgramme for Reconstruction and Development, Marc
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NEPAD and neighbours: an international exploration of principles to inform African labour migration regimes
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There's space for Africa in the new South Africa?: African migrants and urban governance in Johannesburg
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EU Parliamentary support programme members' training and support programme evaluation: final report
Prepared by HSRC and Tsimeni Consulting for Members of National Parliament and Provincial Legislatures, JanuaryThe National Parliament and all nine Provincial Legislatures were visited as part of an independent evaluation of the PSP's Members Training and Support Programme. This report contains a synthesis report of the themes and findings emerging from all institutions as well as separate reports for each institution
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Auditing the realisation of democracy and human rights in the context of rural land reform in South Africa: a component of the Metagora pilot project: final technical report
Commissioned by the Metagora Project, managed by the OECD, OctoberThe aim of this project was to design a survey methodology to measure the realisation of democracy and human rights in the context of South Africa's land reform process. The project sought to design, test, evaluate, and refine this methodology, bearing in mind the diverse nature of the South African land question, the variety of different stakeholders in the land question, and the particular needs of policy makers and civil society for information about citizens? experiences, attitudes, and aspirations in respect of land. The project forms part of a larger international initiative of the European Union, called Measuring Democracy, Human Rights and Governance, or METAGORA. METAGORA is a 2-year pilot project based on innovative initiatives emerging from a North/South network. METAGORA intends to bring statistical analysis into the hearth of monitoring democracy, human rights and governance, and to promote proper matching of qualitative and quantitative approaches in view to enhance human rights reporting, governance evaluation and assessment of democracy
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The business of blackness: the Foundation of African Business and Consumer Services, democracy, and donor funding
This paper examines the Foundation for African Business and Consumer Services (FABCOS) which , as a preceding discussion suggests, is a black business association committed to enhancing black participation in the economy, a goal it explicitly sees as a contribution to the fight for racial equality
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