Efficacy of Mucosal Cutting Biopsy for the Histopathological Diagnosis of Gastric Submucosal Tumors

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors occur frequently. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is performed commonly for diagnosis. However, the success rate of histological diagnosis is insufficient when the submucosal tumor (SMT) is small. Recently, another technique, mucosal cutting biopsy (MCB) has been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MCB. Method: Between January 2012 and August 2018, MCB and EUS-FNA were performed 16 and 31 times for diagnosing gastric SMT. The diagnostic rate, the rate of successful immunohistochemistry, and the safety were reviewed. Difficult locations for EUS-FNA were also evaluated. Results: The mean SMT sizes measured on MCB and EUS-FNA were 21.2 and 36.2 mm. The diagnostic rates of MCB and EUS-FNA were almost the same (88 vs. 81%), but successful immunohistochemistry was significantly higher in the MCB group (93 vs. 59%, p = 0.03). In the subgroup of SMTs < 20 mm, the successful histological diagnosis rate from EUS-FNA was relatively low. There were no complications. Failures of EUS-FNA were more frequent in the middle third of the stomach. Conclusions: MCB was an effective procedure for diagnosing gastric SMT, especially in the case of small SMTs located at the middle third of the stomach

The effect of experiences of \u22kandoh\u22 in childhood on self-efficacy and self-esteem

When we read books or see noble sights, our states are emotionally moved (Tokaji, 2004). Japanese people call these states as \u22kandoh\u22. The previous works have suggested the experiences of kandoh in youth or adulthood influenced self-efficacy. However, it is unclear that the experiences of kandoh in childhood influence self-consciousness of children. The purpose of this study was to examine factors which compose of the experiences of kandoh in childhood and how those factors influence on self-efficacy and self-esteem. We administered questionnaire to 389 children on the relationship between the experiences of kandoh and self-efficacy or self-esteem. Our results showed that: (a) the experiences of kandoh was constructed by one factor, (b) the experiences of kandoh had a positive effect on self-efficacy, and (c) the experiences of kandoh had a positive effect on self-esteem. These results suggest that the experiences of kandoh in childhood is effective for self-consciousness of children