Being, Having and Doing Modes of Existence: Confirmation and Reduction of a New Scale Based on a Study among Israeli Female Teachers, Student-Teachers and Counselors*

Des modes d’existence Etre, Avoir et Faire : Confirmation et réduction d’une nouvelle échelle basée sur une étude d’enseignants, stagaires-enseignants et conseillières israéliennes : Suivant les théories de Fromm (1976) et de Rand (1993), une échelle de 51 items d’attitudes envers les « modes d’existence » Etre, Avoir et Faire a été construite par Reichenberg (1996). Ici, nous avons deux objectifs : examiner la validité de cette échelle avec deux méthodes d’analyse en parallèle  -- par l’analyse factorielle et par la théorie des facettes – et racourcir l’échelle de 51 items. Cet article est basé sur des données empiriques concernant 386 enseignants, stagaires-enseignants et conseillières israéliennes d’un département d’éducation dans une université en Israël en 1995 et 1997.Following Fromm's (1976) and Rand's (1993) theory, a scale of 51 items on attitudes towards the Being, Doing and Having "Modes of Existence" has been constructed (Reichenberg 1996). Our objectives are two-fold: first, an examination, in parallel, of the validity of the scale with two methods: Factor Analysis and Facet Theory. And second, a shortening of the scale from 51 questions to a more compact one. The present article is based on empirical data gathered from 386 female teachers, students and counselors in college education departments in Israel in 1995 and 1997

Being, Having and Doing Modes of Existence: Confirmation and Reduction of a New Scale Based on a Study among Israeli Female Teachers, Student-Teachers and Counselors*

Des modes d’existence Etre, Avoir et Faire : Confirmation et réduction d’une nouvelle échelle basée sur une étude d’enseignants, stagaires-enseignants et conseillières israéliennes : Suivant les théories de Fromm (1976) et de Rand (1993), une échelle de 51 items d’attitudes envers les « modes d’existence » Etre, Avoir et Faire a été construite par Reichenberg (1996). Ici, nous avons deux objectifs : examiner la validité de cette échelle avec deux méthodes d’analyse en parallèle  -- par l’analyse factorielle et par la théorie des facettes – et racourcir l’échelle de 51 items. Cet article est basé sur des données empiriques concernant 386 enseignants, stagaires-enseignants et conseillières israéliennes d’un département d’éducation dans une université en Israël en 1995 et 1997.Following Fromm's (1976) and Rand's (1993) theory, a scale of 51 items on attitudes towards the Being, Doing and Having "Modes of Existence" has been constructed (Reichenberg 1996). Our objectives are two-fold: first, an examination, in parallel, of the validity of the scale with two methods: Factor Analysis and Facet Theory. And second, a shortening of the scale from 51 questions to a more compact one. The present article is based on empirical data gathered from 386 female teachers, students and counselors in college education departments in Israel in 1995 and 1997

Qualitative analysis of interviews of future non-affective psychotic disorder patients and non-psychiatric controls: preliminary results

Background: Previous research has shown that people with psychotic disorders have impaired functioning prior to the onset of the illness. The goal of this study is to obtain a detailed, in depth, analysis of the characteristics of premorbid impairment. Methods: In this study we examined summaries of interviews with 20 male adolescents who were later diagnosed with non-affective psychotic disorders and compared them to interviews conducted with 20 matched controls without psychiatric disorders. The current study applied a qualitative analysis, performed in the following stages: each interview was read thoroughly by two blinded raters with no a-priori hypothesis, and then key themes and statements were identified and organized into meaningful domains. Afterwards, the frequency of each item was calculated and comparisons between the groups were performed. Results: Future non-affective psychotic disorder patients were more likely to be described as strange or different, be involved in violent behavior, experience difficulties in educational functioning and peer integration, deal with problems in everyday functioning and have an avoidant interpersonal conflict resolution style in comparison with matched controls without psychiatric disorders. In addition, future patients experienced more stressful life events and dealt with these stressors more poorly in comparison with controls. Conclusions: The findings of this unique historical-prospective qualitative analysis of interviews performed before the onset of psychosis, confirmed previous findings of premorbid abnormality of future non-affective psychosis patients. Using qualitative analysis enabled obtaining a more in-depth understanding of the real-life experience of the premorbid period among patients with non-affective psychotic disorders