Inflation in Supersymmetric SU(5)

We analyze the adjoint field inflation in supersymmetric (SUSY) SU(5) model. In minimal SUSY SU(5) hybrid inflation monopoles are produced at the end of inflation. We therefore explore the non-minimal model of inflation based on SUSY SU(5), like shifted hybrid, which provides a natural solution for the monopole problem. We find that the supergravity corrections with non-minimal Kahler potential are crucial to realize the central value of the scalar spectral index n_s ~ 0.96 consistent with the seven year WMAP data. The tensor to scalar ratio r is quite small, taking on values r < 10^{-5}. Due to R-symmetry massless SU(3) octet and SU(2) triplet Higgs bosons are present and could spoil for gauge coupling unification. To keep gauge coupling unification intact, light vector-like particles are added which are expected to be observed at LHC.Comment: 16 page

Proposed business plan for pilot farmer organizations: Extended project on Farmer Managed Irrigated Agriculture in LBOD Project Area of Sindh Province

Farmers' associations / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Irrigation programs / Irrigation management / Drainage / Economic aspects / Income / Operating costs / Maintenance costs / Conflict

Equivalent Circuit Modeling of the Dielectric Loaded Microwave Biosensor

This article describes the modeling of biological tissues at microwave frequency using equivalent lumped elements. A microwave biosensor based on microstrip ring resonator (MRR), that has been utilized previously for meat quality evaluation is used for this purpose. For the first time, the ring-resonator loaded with the lossy and high permittivity dielectric material, such as; biological tissue, in a partial overlay configuration is analyzed. The equivalent circuit modeling of the structure is then performed to identify the effect of overlay thickness on the resonance frequency. Finally, the relationship of an overlay thickness with the corresponding RC values of the meat equivalent circuit is established. Simulated, calculated and measured results are then compared for validation. Results are well agreed while the observed discrepancy is in acceptable limit

New Lie group of transformation for the non-Newtonian fluid flow narrating differential equations

In this endeavour, a new Lie point of transformation for the fluid flow narrating differential equations are proposed. For this purpose a non-Newtonian fluid named tangent hyperbolic fluid is considered towards the flat surface in a magnetized flow field. In addition, equation of concentration admits the role of chemically reactive species. A mathematical model in terms of the coupled PDE’s is constructed. Lie group of analysis is implemented to yield the new Lie point of transformation for tangent hyperbolic fluid flow narrating differential equations when the heat and mass transfer individualities are considered. The resultant system of PDE’s is reduced into system of ODE’s via obtained set of transformation. The self-coded computational scheme is accomplished and the outcomes are reported by way of graphs. It is noticed that tangent hyperbolic fluid velocity, temperature and concentration is decreasing function of magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number and chemical reaction parameter respectively

Analyzing Energy-efficiency and Route-selection of Multi-level Hierarchal Routing Protocols in WSNs

The advent and development in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in recent years has seen the growth of extremely small and low-cost sensors that possess sensing, signal processing and wireless communication capabilities. These sensors can be expended at a much lower cost and are capable of detecting conditions such as temperature, sound, security or any other system. A good protocol design should be able to scale well both in energy heterogeneous and homogeneous environment, meet the demands of different application scenarios and guarantee reliability. On this basis, we have compared six different protocols of different scenarios which are presenting their own schemes of energy minimizing, clustering and route selection in order to have more effective communication. This research is motivated to have an insight that which of the under consideration protocols suit well in which application and can be a guide-line for the design of a more robust and efficient protocol. MATLAB simulations are performed to analyze and compare the performance of LEACH, multi-level hierarchal LEACH and multihop LEACH.Comment: NGWMN with 7th IEEE Inter- national Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria, Canada, 201

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF SAHIWAL COWS AT THE LIVESTOCK EXPERIMENT STATION BAHADURNAGAR, OKARA VS PATADAR’S HERD

The data on 3434 records for lactation milk yield and lactation length and 2314 records for dry period of Sahiwal cows maintained at the Livestock Experiment Station (LES), Bahadurnagar, Okara, Pakistan and its Patadars during 1986-2000 were analyzed by least square analysis of variance techniques, using the LSMLMW computer programme. The population means for lactation milk yield, lactation length and dry period were 1547 ± 36.69 kg, 268 ± 4.53 days and 214 ± 16.64 days, respectively. The milk yield averaged 1617 ± 35.09 kg at LES and 1477 ± 43.54 kg at Patadar’s herds of Bahadurnagar. The effects of herd and year of calving on milk yield were highly significant (P<0.01), while season of calving had only significant (P<0.05) effect on the said trait. Lactation number had no effect on lactation milk yield. The least squares means of lactation length were 265 ± 4.33 and 271 ± 5.37 days, at herds of LES and Patadars, respectively. The variation in lactation length due to herd and lactation number was non-significant but year and season of calving had significant (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) effect on the said trait. The least squares means for dry period were 155 ± 16.41 days at LES and 273 ± 17.84 days for the cows kept by Patadars of Bahadurnagar. The dry period differed significantly (P<0.01) by herd, year of calving and lactation number, while season of calving had no effect on this trait. The lactation milk yield was significantly less in Sahiwal herd kept by Patadars as compared to the herd maintained at LES, Bahadurnagar, Okara

Design and Analysis of Even-Positioned Cavity - Based Optical Amplification Device in Dielectric Metasurface

Recently, the development in the field of optical technology is exemplary, specifically relating to the design of the components necessary for optical integrated circuits. This research work investigates optical amplification action in a 2D Photonic Crystals (PhCs) structure with variable radius even-positioned PhC-cavity within its lattice. Twooptical signals are used, first acting as data signals coupled into the optical structure using the phenomenon of the Guided-mode-resonances (GMR) and the second one as a pump signal index-guided into the optical structure. The pump signal is used to amplify the data signal and the PhC-cavity is used for spectral tuning of the device operating in near-infrared (NIR) range. The dielectric structure consists of an optical waveguide packed in between the substrate and a cladding layer. The design and analysis of the proposed device is performed in a Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) based open-source software package. The investigated results present optical amplific