NNLO QCD counterterm contributions to BB \to XsγX_s \gamma for the physical value of mcm_c

One of the most important O($\alpha_s^2$) corrections to the $B \to X_s \gamma$ branching ratio originates from interference of contributions from the current-current and photonic dipole operators. Its value has been estimated using an interpolation in the charm quark mass between the known results at $m_c=0$ and for $m_c \ll m_b/2$. An explicit calculation for the physical value of $m_c$ is necessary to remove the associated uncertainty. In the present work, we evaluate all the ultraviolet counterterm contributions that are relevant for this purpose.Comment: journal version, references added; 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; some intermediate results in ancillary file

ʿĀ’isha’s Corrective of the Companions: A Translation and Critical Ḥadīth Study of al- Zarkashī’s al-Ijāba li-Īrādi mā Istadrakathu ʿĀ’isha ʿala al Ṣahāba

This research presents for the first time a partial translation and study of Imam Badr al-Dīn al- Zarkashī’s work, al-Ijāba li-Īrādi mā Istadraktahu ʿĀ’isha ʿAla al-Ṣaḥābah—The Corrective: ʿĀ’isha’s Rectification of the Companions. It critically analyses from the perspective of ḥadīth criticism a number of sections presenting ʿĀ’isha’s refutations and corrections of key Companions including, ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, ʿAbdullah b. ʿAbbās, Zayd b. Thābit and Abū Hurayra, applying classical ḥadīth methodology to the scrutiny of narrators by way of impugnment and validation (al- jarḥ wa al-tʿadīl) in an effort to re-construct and re-present ʿĀ’isha as a central authority in Islamic knowledge production. This study constitutes a major rethinking of the Muslim ḥadīth and jurisprudential traditions by evaluating how ʿĀ’isha responded to ḥadīths that were circulating around her and being ascribed, often incorrectly, as authoritative statements of the Prophet. From her critique of overwhelmingly male Companions of the Prophet, the study elicits a methodology for ḥadīth criticism which is sure to challenge classical approaches; additionally, it unearths the scholarly acumen of this great female Companion and mother of the believers, in its discussion of a number of legal positions which ʿĀ’isha held in contradistinction to many of the male authorities among the Companions. This interdisciplinary study goes further than many existing studies of ʿĀ’isha in its highlighting of the way her traditions have been effectively marginalised through the canonisation process which led to the establishment of the canonical corpus, especially al-Bukhārī’s Ṣaḥīḥ. This resulted in ʿĀ’isha’s voice being tragically erased from the heart of the Muslim legal and hadith tradition. This study serves as a model for how the voice of ʿĀ’isha may be given renewed life and significance in the way it re- centres her traditions and thinking. A crucial aspect of this study is its contributing to expanding the horizons of a number of Islamic disciplines. Its contribution to the study of ḥadīth lies in suggestions of re-conceptualising the canonisation of ḥadīth, in the suggestion to extend the criteria of scrutiny of narrators to the Companions, and, most importantly, in the development of an emergent methodology of ʿĀ’isha in the scrutiny of the actual statements (matn) of traditions, not just the chains of transmission (isnād). The contributions of this study to the development of the Muslim legal tradition (fiqh) also lies in a framework that emerges from this research based on the pattern of how ʿĀ’isha approaches juridical matters. The implications for this are many, especially regarding women and their spiritual and daily life and practice

To Investigate The Views Of Students Regarding Motivational Techniques Used By The Heads Of Secondary Schools In Punjab

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the views of students regarding motivational techniques used by the heads of secondary schools in Punjab.  The main objective of this study was to identify the students’ opinions about the performance of the teachers.  The nature of this study was descriptive, and the population constituted 748,124 students at the secondary level in Punjab. Fifteen out of 34 districts in the province of Punjab were randomly selected and cluster sampling was used in order to choose 300 secondary schools for the sample. Ten students from each school were included in this sample, and it was further divided equally into male and female as well as urban and rural. The questionnaires were the research instruments for data collection. The data were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted by using the most suitable statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, standard error of the difference between means, and two-tailed t-test. On the basis of analysis, it was concluded that a greater part of students fairly agreed that their teachers appreciated the students’ performances openly, criticized them in a constructive way, maintained discipline in the class, chided the students on their mistakes, gave feedback in academic matter, solved their problem, and trusted in the students. &nbsp

A Review of Impact of Trade Credit on Firm’s Profitability: A Study of Non-financial Firms in Pakistan

Business plays an important role in economic growth, which increasingly draws public attention in recent decades. Previous literature discusses the reasons why the companies offer and receive trade credit. However, it lacks empirical evidence to confirm the relationship between trade credit and profitability. This work focuses on how trade credit, from both the supplier side and the demand side, influences the profitability of SMEs. We investigated 100 firms to establish a long-term relationship with their suppliers to gain credits since accounts payable is positively related to the profitability. Meanwhile, I find that there is no clear relationship between accounts receivable and profitability. Keywords: Trade credit Accounts revivable Accounts Payable Profitability SMEs Transaction theor