Magnetic field driven dynamics in twisted bilayer artificial spin ice at superlattice angles

Geometrical designs of interacting nanomagnets have been studied extensively in the form of two dimensional arrays called artificial spin ice. These systems are usually designed to create geometrical frustration and are of interest for the unusual and often surprising phenomena that can emerge. Advanced lithographic and element growth techniques have enabled the realization of complex designs that can involve elements arranged in three dimensions. Using numerical simulations employing the dumbbell approximation, we examine possible magnetic behaviours for bilayer artificial spin ice (BASI) in which the individual layers are rotated with respect to one another. The goal is to understand how magnetization dynamics are affected by long-range dipolar coupling that can be modified by varying the layer separation and layer alignment through rotation. We consider bilayers where the layers are both either square or pinwheel arrangements of islands. Magnetic reversal processes are studied and discussed in terms of domain and domain wall configurations of the magnetic islands. Unusual magnetic ordering is predicted for special angles which define lateral spin superlattices for the bilayer systems

A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PELLET FORMATION TECHNIQUES AND ITS EVALUATION PARAMETERS-A REVIEW

This review article deals with the various pelletization techniques utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for spheroidal particle production i.e., pellet for mainly oral administration which can be further formulated into several other dosage forms such as tablets, capsules or can be administered as such. Now-a-days oral administration has become the most versatile, convenient and common route of drug administration which ultimately focuses on patient compliance. The technique which is setting horizon in pelletization is “Extrusion Spheronization” because of its simple and easy steps involved in pellet production in a faster way. This review also includes the characterization and evaluation of pellets to ensure its quality, safety and efficacy to give out the required therapeutic activity after administration

Rare Manifestation of a Rare Disease, Acute Liver Failure in Adult Onset Still’s Disease: Dramatic Response to Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy—A Case Report and Review

Adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by daily fevers, arthralgias or arthritis, typical skin rash, and leukocytosis. Hepatic involvement is frequently observed in the course of AOSD with mildly elevated transaminases and/or hepatomegaly. Fulminant hepatic failure, occasionally requiring urgent liver transplantation, is a rare manifestation of AOSD. Here, we present a case of 22-year-old woman with no significant medical history who initially came with fever, arthralgias, myalgias, generalized weakness, and sore throat. Laboratory data showed mildly elevated transaminases and markedly elevated ferritin levels. She was diagnosed with AOSD based on Yamaguchi diagnostic criteria and was started on prednisone. Three months later, while she was on tapering dose of steroid, she presented with fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, and markedly elevated transaminases. Extensive workup excluded all potential causes of liver failure. She was diagnosed with AOSD associated acute liver failure (ALF). Intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone pulse therapy was started, with dramatic improvement in liver function. Our case demonstrated that ALF can present as a complication of AOSD and IV mega dose pulse methylprednisolone therapy can be employed as a first-line treatment in AOSD associated ALF with favorable outcome

Liver disease in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic

Coronavirus infections have caused outbreaks in humans: SARS-COV ((Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) resulting in significant mortality and morbidit

Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay based on detection of pLDH antigen for the diagnosis of malaria

Introduction: Timely diagnosis of malaria is a challenge in most endemic areas due to lack of resources. The methods most commonly used are microscopy, regarded as the gold standard, and rapid dipstick tests (RDT) which detect antigens in blood. Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) based tests are fast and easy to perform especially when large number of samples have to be tested. p-LDH is a highly sensitive marker of malaria in blood The present study was done to assess the diagnostic performance of a p-LDH based ELISA on samples from clinically suspected malaria patients. Methods: We tested the sensitivity and specificity of a pLDH based, commercially available ELISA kit on both microscopy positive and negative samples. Microscopy was done for all suspected malaria patients and of these 146 samples (73 positive and 73 negative) were tested by the ErbaLisa PAN (LDH) malaria ELISA kit as well SD Bioline malaria antigen test (RDT) based on detection of both HRP-2 and p-LDH common to all four species. Results: The sensitivity of Elisa was 95.9% while specificity was 93.2 % compared to gold standard microscopy while RDTs had 91.8 % sensitivity and 86.3 % specificity. All 67 samples positive by both microscopy and RDT were also positive by ELISA. Conclusion: p-LDH based ELISA promises to be a cost effective and reliable option for diagnosis of malaria in endemic areas like India

Rare Manifestation of a Rare Disease, Acute Liver Failure in Adult Onset Still's Disease: Dramatic Response to Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy-A Case Report and Review

Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by daily fevers, arthralgias or arthritis, typical skin rash, and leukocytosis. Hepatic involvement is frequently observed in the course of AOSD with mildly elevated transaminases and/or hepatomegaly. Fulminant hepatic failure, occasionally requiring urgent liver transplantation, is a rare manifestation of AOSD. Here, we present a case of 22-year-old woman with no significant medical history who initially came with fever, arthralgias, myalgias, generalized weakness, and sore throat. Laboratory data showed mildly elevated transaminases and markedly elevated ferritin levels. She was diagnosed with AOSD based on Yamaguchi diagnostic criteria and was started on prednisone. Three months later, while she was on tapering dose of steroid, she presented with fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, and markedly elevated transaminases. Extensive workup excluded all potential causes of liver failure. She was diagnosed with AOSD associated acute liver failure (ALF). Intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone pulse therapy was started, with dramatic improvement in liver function. Our case demonstrated that ALF can present as a complication of AOSD and IV mega dose pulse methylprednisolone therapy can be employed as a first-line treatment in AOSD associated ALF with favorable outcome