Rubber recycling

Gathering waste materials for recycling is least of all a new phenomenon as it done by tens of thousands of people in urban areas all over the world. Waste provides the poor people a last resort to get employment through continuous struggle to survive with minimal income, bad working conditions and socially inferior status. Enhancing the reuse of solid waste can restore some natural cycle and can contribute to solutions of urban issues like food production, waste disposal, energy shortages and improvement of environmental quality. Recycling decreases the quantity of waste to be collected and disposed, provide job opportunities to the poor people,conserve finite resources and save environment. The items commonly recycled are paper, glass, plastics, rubber etc. Recycling of rubber receives less priority and attention than other waste materials like paper and metals due to its financial value, margin of profit, final product, marketability, quality and public acceptance. This paper examines local technologies and legislative measures practised in industrialized and less industrialized countries and suggests actions for an optimal reuse of waste rubber

Progress in solar water disinfection (SODIS)

Progress in solar water disinfection (SODIS

Domestic refuse collection in urban low income areas

Domestic refuse collection in urban low income area

Thermal spray coatings for electromagnetic wave absorption and interference shielding: a review and future challenges

This review aims to consolidate scattered literature on thermally sprayed coatings with nonionizing electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption and shielding over specific wavelengths potentially useful in diverse applications (e.g., microwave to millimeter wave, solar selective, photocatalytic, interference shielding, thermal barrier-heat/emissivity). Materials EM properties such as electric permittivity, magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, and dielectric loss are critical due to which a material can respond to absorbed, reflected, transmitted, or may excite surface electromagnetic waves at frequencies typical of electromagnetic radiations. Thermal spraying is a standard industrial practice used for depositing coatings where the sprayed layer is formed by successive impact of fully or partially molten droplets/particles of a material exposed to high or moderate temperatures and velocities. However, as an emerging novel application of an existing thermal spray techniques, some special considerations are warranted for targeted development involving relevant characterization. Key potential research areas of development relating to material selection and coating fabrication strategies and their impact on existing practices in the field are identified. The study shows a research gap in the feedstock materials design and doping, and their complex selection covered by thermally sprayed coatings that can be critical to advancing applications exploiting their electromagnetic properties