Lesbians and Transgenders in Japanese Media

Japanese GLBT appear to have always held a place in national media. From the the Edo period to the modern age, the Japanese people have constantly been exposed to different types of GLBT society, whether or not they realized it at the time. In this paper, I explore the representations of lesbians and transgenders during the Edo period (1600 to 1860) and in the modern and post-modern era (1868 to the present). I look at ukiyo-e from the Edo period and then Western-style theatre and newspaper stories from the modern era to grasp how lesbians have been portrayed through the years. Then I look at onnagata of Kabuki and modern-day new half in order to show how the concept of a transgender has changed over time in the media. Just how has the Japanese perspective changed after the mass introduction of Western culture and ideals during the Meiji period

Variation in Environmental Regulations in California and Effects on Dairy Location

In recent decades, urban encroachment and increasing environmental regulation have impacted California’s dairy industry. A complicated set of environmental legislation affects dairies in the state, and can differ depending on location, creating the possibility for within-state pollution havens. This article details the regional, state, and federal environmental regulation of California’s dairy industry, and examines data to see if it matches a hypothesis of regulation affecting dairy location. Using county-year data, we show evidence of changing dairy location within the state matching times of local legislative action. The Central Valley gained production, while the more regulated and urban-affected Los Angeles area lost. Large dairies have increased by 150 percent in the Central Valley, even as the number of small farms in the region declined by 40 percent. More rigorous analysis is necessary to discern the relative impacts of land prices and regulation on dairy location.pollution haven, California, dairy, environmental regulation, Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

A study of the social expectations and desires of psychiatric patients.

Includes 7 figures and 25 tables. Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Developmental Gradations of Kindergartners' Concept of Word in Text: An Examination of the Relationship between Fingerpoint Reading Skills and Other Early Literacy Measures

This study examined the relationships between concept of word development and other early literacy measures (rhyme awareness, beginning sound awareness, alphabet knowledge, letter sound knowledge, spelling, and word recognition in isolation) using data from the PALS-K. Supporting previous research by using a much larger data set than had been used to date, Pearson Product-Moment correlations were used to describe the relationships between total concept of word scores and the literacy measures and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the ability of the literacy measures to predict total concept of word scores. Extending previous research, this study examined the developmental gradations in children's concept of word, a novel approach to examining concept of word data. Discriminant Analyses were used to build and test a model to identify the literacy measures from the PALS-K that best predict a child's level of concept of word development - developing, rudimentary, or firm. Pearson Product-moment correlations indicated significant relationships between all variable on the PALS-K and total concept of word scores with word recognition in isolation scores and spelling scores demonstrating the largest correlations. Standard multiple regression indicated that the subtests on the PALS-K were able to significantly predict a large portion of the variance in total concept of word scores with word recognition in isolation scores and spelling scores contributing the most unique variance. Discriminant analyses indicated the measures were able to classify students' concept of word development into the categories of developing, rudimentary, and full/firm, with word recognition in isolation score and spelling scores being most associated with the functions generated. Implications for teaching and future research are also discussed

A Call for the End of Impunity for Multinational Corporations

In 2002, the first permanent International Criminal Court (ICC) was established. Based on the experience of the International Military Tribunal (the so-called Nuremberg Trials), the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (the so-called Tokyo Trials), the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), the new court is determined to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators of these crimes and thus to contribute to the prevention of such crimes. Too often in the past the worst perpetrators of the worst crimes were able to hide behind the shield of impunity because of a lack of national prosecutions. The massacres in the former Republic of Yugoslavia and Rwanda in the early nineties were a painful reminder that the hope of never again! after WWII has not been fulfilled. On the contrary, killings, mutilations, rapes, torture, and other crimes keep being committed against and by civilians (and unspeakably also against and by children) on the greatest scale. Appallingly, among the major key players in facilitating and even motivating some of these atrocities are indeed business entities. Although in many cases multinational corporations or their subsidiaries are directly involved in human rights violations of the worst kind, neither the host nor the home country show any interest in investigating against them. A joint report by Fafo and the International Peace Academy stated that [t]here is a climate of impunity surrounding economic activities that promote or sustain conflict and human rights abuse. In fact, these business entities are even outside the jurisdiction of the ICC. This Essay argues that currently international and national law regimes are insufficient in tackling corporate human rights violations and that the ICC\u27s jurisdiction should be extended to legal persons to end the de facto impunity of multinational corporations

The Self-Invalidation Due to Emotion Scale (SIDES): Development and Psychometric Properties

Self-stigma involves internalized negative evaluation in people with a societally prescribed label (i.e., mental health diagnosis). Thus, measures of self-stigma due to mental illness exclude people without a diagnosis who may negatively evaluate themselves because of their emotions— a process we define as self-invalidation due to emotion. In the current research, I introduced a definition of self-invalidation due to emotion as distinct from self-stigma due to mental illness and emotion invalidation from others. After expert review of the item pool (Study 1), and exploratory (Study 2) and confirmatory factor analysis (Study 3), a 10-item scale for Self-Invalidation Due to Emotion (SIDES) was developed, with subscales of self-invalidation due to high and low emotional experience. A longitudinal study (Study 4) of a college student and community sample replicated and expanded on Study 2 findings, with greater self-invalidation due to high emotional experience predicting greater emotion dysregulation, emotional reactivity and expressivity, and beliefs about emotion uncontrollability. In contrast, greater self-invalidation due to low emotional experience predicted less emotional reactivity and expressivity, and greater beliefs about emotion controllability (Study 4). Finally, in a community sample of people with a history of mental illness (Study 5), greater self-invalidation due to high but not low emotional experience predicted symptoms of borderline personality pathology and distress regardless of self-stigma due to mental illness or perceived emotion invalidation (Study 5). The current research supports the SIDES as a psychometrically sound, more inclusive measure of self-stigma, relevant for predicting distress and maladaptive emotional tendencies in people with and without a mental illness