Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance among Non-TyphiSalmonella enterica Isolates, USA

We determined the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms among non-Typhi Salmonella spp. isolated from humans, food animals, and retail meat in the United States in 2007. Six isolates collected from humans harbored aac(6′)Ib-cr or a qnr gene. Most prevalent was qnrS1. No animal or retail meat isolates harbored a plasmid-mediated mechanism

Decreased Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin among Shigella Isolates in the United States, 2006 to 2009▿

We characterized 20 Shigella isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Most patients (80%) from whom a travel history was obtained reported travel to South or Southeast Asia. Mutations within the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA and parC and plasmid-mediated resistance determinants (qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr) were identified. The rise in antimicrobial resistance among Shigella isolates may necessitate the increased use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins or macrolides in some patients

Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance among Non-Typhi Salmonella enterica Isolates from Humans in the United States ▿

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants are emerging among gram-negative pathogens. Here we report results of a retrospective study investigating the prevalence of aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qepA, and qnr genes among 19,010 human isolates of non-Typhi Salmonella enterica collected in the United States from 1996 to 2006

Emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella concord infections in europe and the united states in children adopted from ethiopia, 2003–2007

Background: Multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Concord infections have been reported from children adopted from Ethiopia. We interviewed patients, characterized the isolates, and gathered information about adoptions from Ethiopia to assess public health implications. Methods: Information about Salmonella Concord cases and adoptions were provided from Austria, Denmark, England (and Wales), Ireland, the Netherlands and the United States. Patients from Denmark and the United States were interviewed to determine the orphanages of origin; orphanages in Ethiopia were visited. Isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility; specific antimicrobial resistance genes were characterized. Results: Salmonella Concord was isolated from 78 persons from 2003 to 2007. Adoption status was known for 44 patients <= 3 years of age; 98% were adopted from Ethiopia. The children adopted from Ethiopia were from several orphanages; visited orphanages had poor hygiene and sanitation and frequent use of antimicrobial agents. The number of children adopted from Ethiopia in the participating countries increased 527% from 221 in 2003 to 1385 in 2007. Sixty-four Salmonella Concord isolates yielded 53 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns including 6 patterns with >2 indistinguishable isolates; one isolate from an Ethiopia adoptee. Antimicrobial susceptibility was per-formed on 43 isolates; 81% were multidrug-resistant (>= 3 agents). Multidrug-resistant isolates were from Ethiopian adoptees and were resistant to third and fourth generation cephalosporins and 14% had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: Improved hygiene and sanitation and more appropriate use of antimicrobial agents are needed in orphanages in Ethiopia. Culturing of stool specimens of children adopted from Ethiopia and appropriate hygiene may prevent further disease transmission