The origins and development of the Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology (JHSB) 1919-2019

As an introduction to the final issue of the Journal’s Centenary Volume, this article outlines the history and development of the Journal over its first hundred years. Further detail of the research papers published in the Journal can be found in the Centenary Reviews published in issues 5 and 6 of this volume (Dixon, 2019; Foster, 2019)

`In pursuit of the Nazi mind?' the deployment of psychoanalysis in the allied struggle against Germany

This paper discusses how psychoanalytic ideas were brought to bear in the Allied struggle against the Third Reich and explores some of the claims that were made about this endeavour. It shows how a variety of studies of Fascist psychopathology, centred on the concept of superego, were mobilized in military intelligence, post-war planning and policy recommendations for ‘denazification’. Freud's ideas were sometimes championed by particular army doctors and government planners; at other times they were combined with, or displaced by, competing, psychiatric and psychological forms of treatment and diverse studies of the Fascist ‘personality’. This is illustrated through a discussion of the treatment and interpretation of the deputy leader of the Nazi Party, Rudolf Hess, after his arrival in Britain in 1941

A research and development (R&D) roadmap for broadly protective coronavirus vaccines: A pandemic preparedness strategy

Broadly protective coronavirus vaccines are an important tool for protecting against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and could play a critical role in mitigating the impact of future outbreaks or pandemics caused by novel coronaviruses. The Coronavirus Vaccines Research and Development (R&D) Roadmap (CVR) is aimed at promoting the development of such vaccines. The CVR, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation, was generated through a collaborative and iterative process, which was led by the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) at the University of Minnesota and involved 50 international subject matter experts and recognized leaders in the field. This report summarizes the major issues and areas of research outlined in the CVR and identifies high-priority milestones. The CVR covers a 6-year timeframe and is organized into five topic areas: virology, immunology, vaccinology, animal and human infection models, and policy and finance. Included in each topic area are key barriers, gaps, strategic goals, milestones, and additional R&D priorities. The roadmap includes 20 goals and 86 R&D milestones, 26 of which are ranked as high priority. By identifying key issues, and milestones for addressing them, the CVR provides a framework to guide funding and research campaigns that promote the development of broadly protective coronavirus vaccines

The Standard Cosmological Model

The Standard Model of Particle Physics (SMPP) is an enormously successful description of high energy physics, driving ever more precise measurements to find "physics beyond the standard model", as well as providing motivation for developing more fundamental ideas that might explain the values of its parameters. Simultaneously, a description of the entire 3-dimensional structure of the present-day Universe is being built up painstakingly. Most of the structure is stochastic in nature, being merely the result of the particular realisation of the "initial conditions" within our observable Universe patch. However, governing this structure is the Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC), which appears to require only about a dozen parameters. Cosmologists are now determining the values of these quantities with increasing precision in order to search for "physics beyond the standard model", as well as trying to develop an understanding of the more fundamental ideas which might explain the values of its parameters. Although it is natural to see analogies between the two Standard Models, some intrinsic differences also exist, which are discussed here. Nevertheless, a truly fundamental theory will have to explain both the SMPP and SMC, and this must include an appreciation of which elements are deterministic and which are accidental. Considering different levels of stochasticity within cosmology may make it easier to accept that physical parameters in general might have a non-deterministic aspect.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, invited talk at "Theory Canada 1", June 2005, Vancouve

The integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect -- Large Scale Structure Correlation

We discuss the correlation between late-time integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies and the large scale structure of the local universe. This correlation has been proposed and studied in the literature as a probe of the dark energy and its physical properties. We consider a variety of large scale structure tracers suitable for a detection of the ISW effect via a cross-correlation. In addition to luminous sources, we suggest the use of tracers such as dark matter halos or galaxy clusters. A suitable catalog of mass selected halos for this purpose can be constructed with upcoming wide-field lensing and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect surveys. With multifrequency data, the presence of the ISW-large scale structure correlation can also be investigated through a cross-correlation of the frequency cleaned SZ and CMB maps. While convergence maps constructed from lensing surveys of the large scale structure via galaxy ellipticities are less correlated with the ISW effect, lensing potentials that deflect CMB photons are strongly correlated and allow, probably, the best mechanism to study the ISW-large scale structure correlation with CMB data alone.Comment: 10 Pages, PRD submitte

Wilfred Bion's Letters to John Rickman (1939–1951)Introduction

This is a collection of 29 letters, 27 from Wilfred Bion to John Rickman, one addressed to Mrs Rickman and one from Rickman to Bion. These letters have been fully transcribed, annotated and published for the first time and offer a rare glimpse into the blossoming relationship between the two men and the gradual emergence of Bion's intellect through his work in War Office Selection Boards (WOSBs), the Northfield Military hospital and the exploratory groups at the Tavistock Clinic.Through this material it becomes evident that Bion's fascination with the work undertaken at WOSBs had more to do with the social ramifications of the principles and ideology applied there rather than with particular techniques per se, such as ‘leaderless groups’. Furthermore, the reader becomes witness to Rickman's profound influence on Bion's analytic work and in cultivating his interest in therapeutic institutions, ultimately leading to their groundbreaking work at Northfield Military hospital. While Bion's descriptions of his post-war group work at the Tavistock Clinic offer the first signs of his unique theory and technique on the exploration of group dynamics. The continuation of their correspondence until Rickman's untimely death is a testament to their strong collegial and personal relationship which transcended analytical work and other professional engagements. </jats:p