Dickinson College meets the world: The integration of internationalization into institutional culture

In response to the increasing interconnectedness of today\u27s world, culturally, politically and economically, institutions of higher education are being called on to produce graduates with higher levels of global awareness and intercultural skills. Government agencies and officials want graduates who can compete in the global marketplace, thereby helping to maintain the premier status of the U.S. in that arena, while groups of educators and observers are promoting foreign language skills as well as cultural awareness and experience in order to effectively address issues such as world peace and global cooperation. Colleges and universities have reacted to these demands in various ways, some of which are quite innovative, but they still face considerable challenges. This dissertation is a case study of internationalization efforts at Dickinson College in the 45 years since the implementation of their first college-run study abroad program in the 1960s. The study\u27s main purpose was to explore the ways in which internationalization has grown and changed over time, and to learn how the Dickinson community has been able to make internationalization such an integral part of the College\u27s culture. The initial hypothesis was that institutionalization is what has made Dickinson so successful, and that other institutions wishing to achieve similar levels of internationalization would have to make similar commitments in terms of mission, vision and culture. Among this study\u27s findings is that there were certain elements of the College\u27s existing culture that provided fertile ground for the idea of comprehensive internationalization to grow, and that the actions taken to promote these programs and ideals sprang naturally from that culture. This organic process made the assimilation of global ideals into the College\u27s culture the next logical step. Data for this study were gathered using the traditional methods of qualitative research: interviews, observations, and document review. Additionally, John Davies\u27 taxonomy explaining the level of institutionalization at various points in Dickinson\u27s history and Edgar Schein\u27s construct of three levels of culture were used to provide a starting point from which to explore the core of the College\u27s culture and the centrality of their international mission

A case study to develop accounting procedures for financial reporting of investments in fixed assets and for centralized budgetary control of capital expenditures

It is the purpose of this study to provide operating management, namely the division superintendent, with comparisons of capital expenditures and budget estimates for each operating division. In order to provide such comparisons, the accounting system and procedures for recording changes in fixed asset and relative reserve accounts must be revised in order to identify the capital expenditures applicable to each operating division. The resulting procedures must also provide the necessary accounting information required to prepare financial statements for reporting changes in investments in fixed assets and relative reserve accounts. In this study the accounting system and accounting procedures used for recording changes in fixed asset and relative reserve accounts were analyzed and studied to determine what information is available in the accounting records, how it is obtained, and whether or not it could supply information required to make comparisons of capital expenditures and budget estimates for each operating division. The accounting system for fixed assets was designed to supply information on an over-all and Company-wide basis and was not designed to supply the information required for each operating division; therefore, it was necessary to propose several revisions. The chart of accounts and budget categories were not constructed in a parallel manner. Comparable classifications in the chart of accounts and budget categories have been suggested. The accounting system did not provide a means of controlling the accounting applicable to each department or to the operating divisions within the departments. One accounting office handled all accounting for fixed assets and relative reserve accounts for two operating departments. A system of departmental and operating division codes was suggested to provide accounting controls for each department and operating division. Capital additions and all other types of transactions which apply to fixed asset and relative reserve accounts were determined by an analysis procedure subsequent to vouchering into the accounting records. After a thorough study to determine the types of transactions which were required for financial statement and budget comparison purposes, a series of type of transaction codes was developed. It was suggested that the type of transaction codes be made a component part of regular accounting distribution procedures. The type of transaction codes will provide a means of identifying and controlling capital expenditures and all other types of transactions which are required for financial statement purposes. The Company uses electric tabulating equipment in recording and accumulating accounting records for fixed asset and relative reserve accounts. Consideration was given in the proposed revisions to adapt the procedures for electric tabulating equipment in order that the revised system could utilize this equipment.Business, C. T. Bauer College o

Dickinson College meets the world: The integration of internationalization into institutional culture

In response to the increasing interconnectedness of today\u27s world, culturally, politically and economically, institutions of higher education are being called on to produce graduates with higher levels of global awareness and intercultural skills. Government agencies and officials want graduates who can compete in the global marketplace, thereby helping to maintain the premier status of the U.S. in that arena, while groups of educators and observers are promoting foreign language skills as well as cultural awareness and experience in order to effectively address issues such as world peace and global cooperation. Colleges and universities have reacted to these demands in various ways, some of which are quite innovative, but they still face considerable challenges. This dissertation is a case study of internationalization efforts at Dickinson College in the 45 years since the implementation of their first college-run study abroad program in the 1960s. The study\u27s main purpose was to explore the ways in which internationalization has grown and changed over time, and to learn how the Dickinson community has been able to make internationalization such an integral part of the College\u27s culture. The initial hypothesis was that institutionalization is what has made Dickinson so successful, and that other institutions wishing to achieve similar levels of internationalization would have to make similar commitments in terms of mission, vision and culture. Among this study\u27s findings is that there were certain elements of the College\u27s existing culture that provided fertile ground for the idea of comprehensive internationalization to grow, and that the actions taken to promote these programs and ideals sprang naturally from that culture. This organic process made the assimilation of global ideals into the College\u27s culture the next logical step. Data for this study were gathered using the traditional methods of qualitative research: interviews, observations, and document review. Additionally, John Davies\u27 taxonomy explaining the level of institutionalization at various points in Dickinson\u27s history and Edgar Schein\u27s construct of three levels of culture were used to provide a starting point from which to explore the core of the College\u27s culture and the centrality of their international mission

Parasocial Attachment: Framework and Function

The present studies examined how attachment impacts parasocial engagement. Previous research has established a strong connection between attachment style and parasocial engagement and has hinted at the notion of parasocial attachment, but research has yet to examine parasocial attachment empirically. The first study situated parasocial attachment within the traditional framework of attachment by demonstrating this form of attachment elicits proximity seeking, felt security, and separation protest. Attachment anxiety significantly predicted both parasocial engagement and attachment and significant differences were found between secure and preoccupied individuals and secure and fearful-avoidant individuals in both engagement and attachment. The second study explored how attachment, social needs, and romantic status impacted two different forms of parasocial relationship: parasocial friendship and parasocial romance. Significant differences were found between secure and preoccupied and secure and fearful-avoidant individuals for parasocial friendship. Need to belong and need for social support positively predicted both kinds of parasocial relationship. Romantic status was not a significant predictor of parasocial romance. These findings suggest that parasocial relationships may fulfill some social needs and formation of these relationships depends on attachment style

Load Carriage Increases Mechanical Loading Rates During Walking

Stress fracture is an overuse bone injury. It is a result of excessively repetitive loads acting on the bone over time which leads to fatigue induced bone microdamage [1,2]. Mechanical loading and loading rate are two major factors related to stress fracture development

High-Dose Hydroxocobalamin in End-Stage Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation

Distributive shock is a serious complication in patients with chronic or end-stage liver disease, and can be exacerbated by vasoplegia in this patient population. Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) is a state of shock refractory to catecholamines and vasopressin that is often multifactorial in liver failure patients, and can occur in any phase of liver transplantation (LT) [i.e., pre-transplantation, intraoperative, and post-transplantation]. Methylene blue (MB) has been a well-established pharmacologic therapy for VS. However, it has been known to cause dose-related toxicity. Hydroxocobalamin (HXC) is not currently FDA approved for the management of VS, but studies have demonstrated its ability to cause an increase in systolic blood pressure by hypothesized mechanisms with only minimal side effects. To date, only three other reports have demonstrated the use of HXC in LT patients, which highlighted its use both intraoperatively and post-transplantation. Our report illustrates the utility of HXC in four LT patients with VS. Two of these cases illustrate the usefulness of HXC in the pre-transplantation period, which has never been previously reported. HXC is a useful pharmaceutical agent in the management of VS, especially if contraindications to MB exist or in cases of MB-resistant vasoplegia. Further studies with large sample sizes are necessary to ascertain the optimal dosage of HXC in LT patients