Efficacy of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Feed on Growth Performance for Juvenile Javan Mahseer (Tor tambra)

Fish meal (FM) is a well known protein source for fish feed and its heavy utilization has contributed to overfishing that lead to increase price of formulated feed due to scarcity of fish resources for fish meal. Several studies were done to identify the best substitution of FM including Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as a potential candidate for FM replacement. This study was done to investigate the proximate composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal (BSFLM) and to determine its efficacy as feed on growth performance of Javan Mahseer (Tor tambra). Three types of treatment were used namely F0 or control (0% BSFLM and 100% FM), F50 (50% BSFLM and 50% FM) and F100 (100% BSFLM and 0% FM). Each treatment was fed twice daily for 20 days to 10 Javan Mahseer with the average initial weight of 0.1g respectively. Analyses conducted was proximate composition and growth performance like specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate and body weight gain. Data was analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) SPSS Windows 27. Results show that crude protein in F0, F50 and F100 were 37.52%, 30.36% and 27.52%; while F50 indicated best BWG (66.71%) and lowest FCR (3.16) respectively. It can be concluded that treatment 50% inclusion of BSF is the best ratio for good growth performances of Javan Mahseer

Crustacean shell waste as a potential feed material

Crustacean wastes are waste products collected from marine industry. This review includes fundamental studies of crustacean waste such as protein, carotenoid and lipid including chitin and natural pigment named astaxanthin. Crude protein in crustacean shells like shrimp shell at 27.23%, crab shell (25.98%) and lobster shell (23.24%) are indicators that crustacean waste can be further developed as essential support feed in industries. Astaxanthin from carotenoid group is the most important property of crustacean waste that can provide red colour pigment besides acts as precursor for mechanism of vitamin. Astaxanthin is a natural source that can provide secondary protein source to livestock and fish as it can replace synthetic colour used today with natural pigment colour for ornamental fish that provides fancy skin colors that could increase market value. Extracts from crustacean waste too could provide benefits to pharmaceuticals industry such as source for cosmetics and health supplement. Astaxanthin in crustacean waste is also an immune system booster that contains high antioxidant. Natural astaxanthin extracts too has potential as an alternative colour source that could replace synthetic colors in feeds for ornamental fish

Efficacy of dietary engkabang oil (

The use of Shorea macrophylla oil (SMO) as a substitute for fish oil in enhancing the growth performance of Malayan Mahseer (Tor tambroides) has received limited attention. This study aimed to evaluate the proximate composition fatty acid profiles of SMO and assess its impact as an alternative lipid source for replacing fish oil in the diet of Tor tambroides. A 2-month feeding trial was conducted using 75 fingerlings, averaging 17.9±0.1 g in weight, distributed randomly across five triplicated feed treatments. These dietary treatments consisted of 0% SMO (control), 1.25% SMO (T-1.25smo), 2.5% SMO (T-2.5smo), 3.75% SMO (T-3.75smo), and 5% SMO (T-5smo). The fatty acid composition of Shorea macrophylla oil and the proximate composition of the treatment diets were analyzed. Growth indices (BWG, FI, FCR, and SR) were recorded at 10-day intervals. The results indicate that the incorporation of 2.5% SMO led to an 80.89% increase in BWG with the lowest FCR (2.61) and feed intake. This suggests that including 2.5% Shorea macrophylla oil in the diet may positively impact the growth performance of Tor tambroides fingerlings

Replacement of fish oil with engkabang butter oil (Shorea macrophylla): Effects on growth performance of Javan Mahseer (Tor tambra)

The effectiveness of Shorea macrophylla butter oil (SMBO) as a replacement for fish oil on the growth performance of Javan Mahseer (Tor tambra) is still understudied. The purpose of this research was to examine the proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and efficacy of SMBO as an alternative lipid source to replace fish oil on the growth performance of Tor tambra (Javan mahseer). A 1-month feeding trial was done using 150 tails of Javan Mahseer fingerlings with an average weight of 3.06±0.17 g, using 5 feed treatments randomly assigned in triplicates. Dietary treatments included (0%) fish oil based as control (C) and SMBO inclusion of 1.25% (T1), 2.5% (T2), 3.75% (T3) and 5% (T4) respectively. The fatty acid composition of Shorea macrophylla oil and the proximate composition of treatment diets were determined while growth indices (BWG, FCR & FI) were measured every 10 days. Water quality measurements like pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature were taken every week. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. Results showed that BWG was higher at 45.51% after day-10 in C (5% fish oil & 0% Shorea macrophylla butter oil) while FCR were C (0.86), T1 (1.17), T2 (1.14), T3 (1.18), and T4 (1.09). It can be concluded that 5% Shorea macrophylla oil in the diet may improve the growth performance of Tor tambra fingerlings

A Review of borneo buah engkabang (

Lipid is an essential source in fish feed production. Vegetable or fruit oil is becoming preferred by many fish feed manufacturers to replace fish oil, which is expensive and scarce. Buah Engkabang (Shorea macrophylla) is well known as the largest genera of the Dipterocarpaceae family and is a popular local fruit collected in tropical forests or nearby rivers in West Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sarawak (Malaysia). Buah engkabang is seasonal fruit during the dry season, known among the Sarawak locals as a climatic species that ripens between January and March in a favorable environment. This review emphasizes morphology characteristics and phytochemical properties, including fatty acid components. In addition, this review also reviewed the application of engkabang oil in feed production, cooking oil, and other edible products. The high content of saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acids in engkabang product could be essential as the potential omega-six lipid source suitable for freshwater fish like empurau, kelah, and other local fish species found in riverine of Borneo. This eview will provide information on the potential use of buah engkabang as a future lipid source in fish feed production