Uso de competiciones y sistemas de clasificación como metodología de evaluación de una asignatura

En este artículo describimos nuestra experiencia en el uso de una metodología de enseñanza activa y participativa orientada al aprendizaje de técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial entre los estudiantes de Informática. En concreto describimos una aproximación basada en competiciones para evaluar las prácticas de los alumnos y un conjunto de herramientas desarrollado para el apoyo de esta metodología. Esta experiencia nos muestra que las competiciones como parte del método de evaluación incrementan la motivación de los alumnos y proporcionan un mecanismo para que el alumno demuestre sus habilidades, sus proyectos, comparta sus intereses y pueda compararse con otros. Así mismo, presentamos los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas realizadas a los alumnos sobre el uso de las competiciones, así como un experimento que analiza la correlación entre las notas reales obtenidas por los alumnos en las prácticas y la posición alcanzada en la competición.Peer Reviewe

Conceptual modelling of explanation experiences through the iSeeonto ontology.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence is a big research field required in many situations where we need to understand Artificial Intelligence behaviour. However, each explanation need is unique which makes it difficult to apply explanation techniques and solutions that are already implemented when faced with a new problem. Therefore, the task to implement an explanation system can be very challenging because we need to take the AI model into account, user's needs and goals, available data, suitable explainers, etc. In this work, we propose a formal model to define and orchestrate all the elements involved in an explanation system, and make a novel contribution regarding the formalisation of this model as the iSeeOnto ontology. This ontology not only enables the conceptualisation of a wide range of explanation systems, but also supports the application of Case-Based Reasoning as a knowledge transfer approach that reuses previous explanation experiences from unrelated domains. To demonstrate the suitability of the proposed model, we present an exhaustive validation by classifying reference explanation systems found in the literature into the iSeeOnto ontology

iSee: a case-based reasoning platform for the design of explanation experiences.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging field within Artificial Intelligence (AI) that has provided many methods that enable humans to understand and interpret the outcomes of AI systems. However, deciding on the best explanation approach for a given AI problem is currently a challenging decision-making task. This paper presents the iSee project, which aims to address some of the XAI challenges by providing a unifying platform where personalized explanation experiences are generated using Case-Based Reasoning. An explanation experience includes the proposed solution to a particular explainability problem and its corresponding evaluation, provided by the end user. The ultimate goal is to provide an open catalog of explanation experiences that can be transferred to other scenarios where trustworthy AI is required

Educación y cooperación para el desarrollo mediante estándares universales de accesibilidad

II FORO «IBEROAMÉRICA EN LA ESCENA ECONÓMICA INTERNACIONAL: INVERSIONES Y EDUCACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO». UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS, MADRID (ESPAÑA), 14 DE DICIEMBRE DE 200

iSee: intelligent sharing of explanation experiences.

The right to an explanation of the decision reached by a machine learning (ML) model is now an EU regulation. However, different system stakeholders may have different background knowledge, competencies and goals, thus requiring different kinds of explanations. There is a growing armoury of XAI methods, interpreting ML models and explaining their predictions, recommendations and diagnoses. We refer to these collectively as "explanation strategies". As these explanation strategies mature, practitioners gain experience in understanding which strategies to deploy in different circumstances. What is lacking, and what the iSee project will address, is the science and technology for capturing, sharing and re-using explanation strategies based on similar user experiences, along with a much-needed route to explainable AI (XAI) compliance. Our vision is to improve every user's experience of AI, by harnessing experiences of best practice in XAI by providing an interactive environment where personalised explanation experiences are accessible to everyone. Video Link: https://youtu.be/81O6-q_yx0

Accesibilidad a Internet: requisitos para la calidad en la docencia e investigación

A good Internet platform for teaching and research must be accessible, independently of the computer platform used, language and other peculiarities (personal or external). This work analyzes the current limitations of Internet access, as well as the potentialities that would represent an access being truly independent of the computer platform, discapacities, availability and speed of access, language and legislation. Thus, the benefits for a more accesible network for lecturing and investigation, overcoming the geographic location or possible discapacity, would be immediate and would have a broad impact spectrum. A more accesible Internet would enhace not only the dissemination of the information, approaching us to the 'global village', but also others aspects like university principles and values that sould be considered: an improvement of the equality of opportunities and the access to the culture and the education, that are the basis of the progress and the individual and collective liberties.Una buena plataforma de docencia e investigación en la red debe ser accesible, independientemente del entorno informático, idioma y condicionantes( personales o externos). Es este trabajo se analizan, por una parte, las limitaciones actuales que se presentan en el acceso a Internet, y por otra las potencialidades que tendría un acceso un acceso independiente de las plataforma informáticas, discapacidades, disponibilidad y velocidad de acceso, idioma y legislación. Así, los beneficios para la docencia y la investigación de una red más accesible, por encima de la localización geográfica o posible discapacidad, serán inmediatos y redundaría en otros campos. Una Internet más accesible abriría una nueva vía no sólo para la difusión de la información, acercándonos a la 'aldea global', sino también para otros aspectos de lo que entenderemos como principios y valores universitarios y que deben ser considerados: una mejora en la igualdad de oportunidades y en el acceso a la cultura y la formación, que son las bases del progreso y de las libertades tanto individuales como colectivas

Updates to the Integrated Protein–Protein Interaction Benchmarks: Docking Benchmark Version 5 and Affinity Benchmark Version 2

We present an updated and integrated version of our widely used protein–protein docking and binding affinity benchmarks. The benchmarks consist of non-redundant, high-quality structures of protein–protein complexes along with the unbound structures of their components. Fifty-five new complexes were added to the docking benchmark, 35 of which have experimentally measured binding affinities. These updated docking and affinity benchmarks now contain 230 and 179 entries, respectively. In particular, the number of antibody–antigen complexes has increased significantly, by 67% and 74% in the docking and affinity benchmarks, respectively. We tested previously developed docking and affinity prediction algorithms on the new cases. Considering only the top 10 docking predictions per benchmark case, a prediction accuracy of 38% is achieved on all 55 cases and up to 50% for the 32 rigid-body cases only. Predicted affinity scores are found to correlate with experimental binding energies up to r = 0.52 overall and r = 0.72 for the rigid complexes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

The Absence of Caspase-8 in the Dopaminergic System Leads to Mild Autism-like Behavior

In the last decade, new non-apoptotic roles have been ascribed to apoptotic caspases. This family of proteins plays an important role in the sculpting of the brain in the early stages of development by eliminating excessive and nonfunctional synapses and extra cells. Consequently, impairments in this process can underlie many neurological and mental illnesses. This view is particularly relevant to dopamine because it plays a pleiotropic role in motor control, motivation, and reward processing. In this study, we analyze the effects of the elimination of caspase-8 (CASP8) on the development of catecholaminergic neurons using neurochemical, ultrastructural, and behavioral tests. To do this, we selectively delete the CASP8 gene in cells that express tyrosine hydroxylase with the help of recombination through the Cre-loxP system. Our results show that the number of dopaminergic neurons increases in the substantia nigra. In the striatum, the basal extracellular level of dopamine and potassium-evoked dopamine release decreased significantly in mice lacking CASP8, clearly showing the low dopamine functioning in tissues innervated by this neurotransmitter. This view is supported by electron microscopy analysis of striatal synapses. Interestingly, behavioral analysis demonstrates that mice lacking CASP8 show changes reminiscent of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Our research reactivates the possible role of dopamine transmission in the pathogenesis of ASD and provides a mild model of autism.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad RTI2018-098645-B-I00, PID2019-109569GB-I00, RTI2018-099778-B-I00Junta de Andalucía P18-RT-1372, US-1264806, PI-0080-2017, PI-0009-2017, PI-0134-2018, PEMP-0008-2020, P20_00958, CTS-510Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI18/01691Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz-INiBICA LI19/06IN-CO22, IN-C09European Union 95568

BRAF activation by metabolic stress promotes glycolysis sensitizing NRASQ61-mutated melanomas to targeted therapy

NRAS-mutated melanoma lacks a specific line of treatment. Metabolic reprogramming is considered a novel target to control cancer; however, NRAS-oncogene contribution to this cancer hallmark is mostly unknown. Here, we show that NRAS(Q61)-mutated melanomas specific metabolic settings mediate cell sensitivity to sorafenib upon metabolic stress. Mechanistically, these cells are dependent on glucose metabolism, in which glucose deprivation promotes a switch from CRAF to BRAF signaling. This scenario contributes to cell survival and sustains glucose metabolism through BRAF-mediated phosphorylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-2/3 (PFKFB2/PFKFB3). In turn, this favors the allosteric activation of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), generating a feedback loop that couples glycolytic flux and the RAS signaling pathway. An in vivo treatment of NRAS(Q61) mutant melanomas, including patient-derived xenografts, with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and sorafenib effectively inhibits tumor growth. Thus, we provide evidence for NRAS-oncogene contributions to metabolic rewiring and a proof-of-principle for the treatment of NRAS(Q61)-mutated melanoma combining metabolic stress (glycolysis inhibitors) and previously approved drugs, such as sorafenib. Targeted therapeutic options for NRAS-mutant melanoma are limited. Here, the authors show that under metabolic stress NRAS-mutant melanoma cells activate a BRAF-dependent glycolysis pathway for survival, leading to improve efficacy of sorafenib when combined with glycolysis inhibitors

Arte Rupestre en el Karst de Ojo Guareña (Merindad de Sotoscueva-Burgos) : trabajos de documentación y estudio en «La Sala de La Fuente»

La amplia nómina de autores que firman el presente artículo dan forma al equipo multidisciplinar que en 1995 inició un ambicioso proyecto, subvencionado por la Junta de Castilla y León, denominado «Trabajos de Documentación y Estudio del Arte Rupestre en el Karst de Ojo Guareña». El avance de sus primeros trabajos está recogido en el siguiente texto y fue presentado al Primer Congreso de Arqueología Burgalesa (1998), mas, al no haberse publicado éste, sigue aún inédito. Su interés, y de forma especial la continuidad de la investigación, aconseja a los autores su edición en Espacio, Tiempo y Forma con vistas a una mayor difusión del proyecto y, con ello, a un mejor conocimiento de la grafía rupestre de las galerías subterráneas del norte de la provincia de Burgos.The wide number of researchers who sign the present añide joined in the multi-discipline team that started an ambitious project, which was sponsored by the regional authority: Junta de Castilla y León, called «Records and Research on Cave Art at the karst in Ojo Guareña». The deveiopment of thelr first researches Is shown in the present Ítem and it was also presented in the First Burgos Archaeology Congress (1998), although it is still unavailable since it has never been published. Both, the Importance of its contents and specially the continuity of the research led its authors to publish this article in Espacio, Tiempo y Forma so that the project could be widely known and, at the same time, provide a better knowledge of rock graphics in the underground galleries which can be found in the north of Burgos province