'It's all my interpretation': reading Spike through the subcultural celebrity of James Marsters

This article considers how fans of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel interpret the character of Spike through meanings attached to actor James Marsters as a 'subcultural celebrity'. Work on TV’s celebrity actors has stressed how character and actor can become semiotically blurred. Rather than approaching this blurring of textual and extra-textual connotations as an essential property of television celebrity, we analyse how Marsters displays situated agency by discursively constructing 'himself' in publicity materials as 'like Spike'. We then consider Marsters as a reader of Buffy. As a subcultural celebrity, we argue that Marsters is positioned between media producers and media fans, and therefore is able to offer up privileged interpretations of 'his' character, Spike, while simultaneously observing the symbolic power of producers’ preferred readings. Marsters supports certain fan readings of Spike, acting as a textual poacher who nevertheless is 'inside' the texts of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [13]) are activated by the endogenous tripeptide TRH (pGlu-His-ProNH2). TRH and TRH analogues fail to distinguish TRH1 and TRH2 receptors [28]. [3H]TRH (human, mouse, rat) is able to label both TRH1 and TRH2 receptors with Kd values of 13 and 9 nM respectively. Synthesis and biology of ring-modified L-Histidine containing TRH analogues has been reported [22]

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [14]) are activated by the endogenous tripeptide TRH (pGlu-His-ProNH2). TRH and TRH analogues fail to distinguish TRH1 and TRH2 receptors [29]. [3H]TRH (human, mouse, rat) is able to label both TRH1 and TRH2 receptors with Kd values of 13 and 9 nM respectively. Synthesis and biology of ring-modified L-Histidine containing TRH analogues has been reported [23]

Prokineticin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Prokineticin receptors, PKR1 and PKR2 (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [23]) respond to the cysteine-rich 81-86 amino-acid peptides prokineticin-1 (also known as endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, mambakine) and prokineticin-2 (protein Bv8 homologue). An orthologue of PROK1 from black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) venom, mamba intestinal toxin 1 (MIT1, [65]) is a potent, non-selective agonist at prokineticin receptors [41], while Bv8, an orthologue of PROK2 from amphibians (Bombina sp., [44]), is equipotent at recombinant PKR1 and PKR2 [48], and has high potency in macrophage chemotaxis assays, which are lost in PKR1-null mice

Prokineticin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Prokineticin receptors, PKR1 and PKR2 (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [23]) respond to the cysteine-rich 81-86 amino-acid peptides prokineticin-1 (also known as endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, mambakine) and prokineticin-2 (protein Bv8 homologue). An orthologue of PROK1 from black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) venom, mamba intestinal toxin 1 (MIT1, [65]) is a potent, non-selective agonist at prokineticin receptors [41], while Bv8, an orthologue of PROK2 from amphibians (Bombina sp., [44]), is equipotent at recombinant PKR1 and PKR2 [48], and has high potency in macrophage chemotaxis assays, which are lost in PKR1-null mice

Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor in GtoPdb v.2021.3

The precursor (PRLH, P81277) for PrRP generates 31 and 20-amino-acid versions. QRFP43 (43RFa) (named after a pyroglutamylated arginine-phenylalanine-amide peptide) is a 43 amino acid peptide derived from QRFP (P83859) and is also known as P518 or 26RFa. RFRP is an RF amide-related peptide [31] derived from a FMRFamide-related peptide precursor (NPVF, Q9HCQ7), which is cleaved to generate neuropeptide SF, neuropeptide RFRP-1, neuropeptide RFRP-2 and neuropeptide RFRP-3 (neuropeptide NPVF)

Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

The precursor (PRLH, P81277) for PrRP generates 31 and 20-amino-acid versions. QRFP43 (named after a pyroglutamylated arginine-phenylalanine-amide peptide) is a 43 amino acid peptide derived from QRFP (P83859) and is also known as P518 or 26RFa. RFRP is an RF amide-related peptide [29] derived from a FMRFamide-related peptide precursor (NPVF, Q9HCQ7), which is cleaved to generate neuropeptide SF, neuropeptide RFRP-1, neuropeptide RFRP-2 and neuropeptide RFRP-3 (neuropeptide NPVF)

IUPHAR-DB: An Expert-Curated, Peer-Reviewed Database of Receptors and Ion Channels

The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology database (IUPHAR-DB) integrates peer-reviewed pharmacological, chemical, genetic, functional and anatomical information on the 354 non-sensory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 71 ligand-gated ion channel subunits and 141 voltage-gated ion channel subunits encoded by the human, rat and mouse genomes. These genes represent the targets of about a third of currently approved drugs and are a major focus of drug discovery and development programs in the pharmaceutical industry. Individual gene pages provide a comprehensive description of the genes and their functions, with information on protein structure, ligands, expression patterns, signaling mechanisms, functional assays and biologically important receptor variants (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms and splice variants). The phenotypes resulting from altered gene expression (e.g. in genetically altered animals) and genetic mutations are described. Links are provided to bioinformatics resources such as NCBI RefSeq, OMIM, PubChem, human, rat and mouse genome databases. Recent developments include the addition of ligand-centered pages summarising information about unique ligand molecules in IUPHAR-DB. IUPHAR-DB represents a novel approach to biocuration because most data are provided through manual curation of published literature by a network of over 60 expert subcommittees coordinated by NC-IUPHAR. Data are referenced to the primary literature and linked to PubMed. The data are checked to ensure accuracy and consistency by the curators, added to the production server using custom-built submission tools and peer-reviewed by NC-IUPHAR, before being transferred to the public database. Data are reviewed and updated regularly (at least biennially). Other website features include comprehensive database search tools, online and downloadable gene lists and links to recent publications of interest to the field, such as reports on receptor-ligand pairings. The database is freely available at "http://www.iuphar-db.org":http://www.iuphar-db.org. Curators can be reached at curators [at] iuphar-db.org. We thank British Pharmacological Society, UNESCO (through the ICSU Grants Programme), Incyte, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Servier and Wyeth for their support

Prokineticin receptors (version 2020.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Prokineticin receptors, PKR1 and PKR2 (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [23]) respond to the cysteine-rich 81-86 amino-acid peptides prokineticin-1 (also known as endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, mambakine) and prokineticin-2 (protein Bv8 homologue). An orthologue of PROK1 from black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) venom, mamba intestinal toxin 1 (MIT1, [65]) is a potent, non-selective agonist at prokineticin receptors [41], while Bv8, an orthologue of PROK2 from amphibians (Bombina sp., [44]), is equipotent at recombinant PKR1 and PKR2 [48], and has high potency in macrophage chemotaxis assays, which are lost in PKR1-null mice

Prokineticin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Prokineticin receptors, PKR1 and PKR2 (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [26]) respond to the cysteine-rich 81-86 amino-acid peptides prokineticin-1 (also known as endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, mambakine) and prokineticin-2 (protein Bv8 homologue). An orthologue of PROK1 from black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) venom, mamba intestinal toxin 1 (MIT1, [71]) is a potent, non-selective agonist at prokineticin receptors [46], while Bv8, an orthologue of PROK2 from amphibians (Bombina sp., [49]), is equipotent at recombinant PKR1 and PKR2 [53], and has high potency in macrophage chemotaxis assays, which are lost in PKR1-null mice