Identification of a Novel Salt-Tolerant Streptomyces Isolate with Bio-Fertilizing Property

A 65 local Streptomyces isolates were tested for their salt tolerance ability. Four of them were found to grow on 6% salt concentration medium. These were selected as candidates for bio-fertilizing use. Only one of them named Streptomyces NS-38 was found to pose such trait by enhancing accelerated seed germination of different types of plants on salt and normal media. Result showed that incubation of seeds with this bacterium extract for 15 hours before implantation increased the number of germinating seeds and yield significantly

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Purification of G-Protein Coupled Receptor from Whole Cell of Local Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The aim of study To purify GPCR from a local strain of S. cerevisiae using Ion exchange and gel filtrationchromatography techniques , by packing materials for columns which will be chosen of low cost comparing to the alreadyused in published researches, which depend on the costly affinity chromatography and other expensive methods ofpurification. Local strain of S. cerevisiae chosen for extraction and purification of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR).The strains were obtained from biology department in Al- Mosul University, Iraq. The isolated colony was activated onYeast Extract Pepton Dextrose Broth (YEPDB) and incubated at 30 C° for 24 h .Loop fully of the yeast culture wastransferred to (10ml) of yeast extract peptone glucose agar (YEPGA) slant , then incubated at 30C°for 24h , after that itwas stored at 4C° ,the yeast cultures were reactivated and persevered after each two weeks period. S.cerevisiae wasidentified by morphological, microscopic characterization and biochemical test . The GPCR that extract from whole cellof S.cerevisiae was purified by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sepharose ,the bound proteins (negativelycharged) were then eluted using gradient concentration of NaCl ranged between( 0.1 -0.5M). Gel filtrationchromatography using Sepharose 6B was applied as a second step of purification. The optical density for each fractionwas measured at 280 nm by UV-VS spectrophotometer then the GPCR concentration was determined by using ELISAKit . The fractions which gave the highest absorbance and concentration of GPCR were collected .The molecular weightof GPCR was determined by gel filtration chromatography using blue dextrin solution. Standard curve was plottedbetween log of molecular weight for standard protein and the ratio of Ve/Vo of GPCR . The purity of the GPCR thatextracted and purified from whole cell of S, cerevisiae were carried out by using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis . In ionexchange chromatography the fraction were collected with 5 ml tube at a flow rate 0.5 ml/ min and eluted with gradient(0.1-0.5M) of sodium chloride solution. Two proteins peaks appeared after eluted by the gradient concentration ofsodium chloride, while no protein peaks appeared in the washing fractions. The GPCR concentration was measured inthe fractions of these two protein peaks, data indicated that GPCR located in the first protein peak (eluted at 0.1M ofNaCl) at fraction numbers between 3 and 9, the maximum concentration of GPCR was 9.281 with specific activity71.58(ng/mg)protein , 3.125 purification folds and72.9(%) yield while the second peaks (eluted at 0.4 M of NaCl) don'tgive any concentration for GPCR, thus its neglected. Gel filtration chromatography was used as second step ofpurification which applied by using sepharose 6B. Results show single active protein peaks appeared that identical withthe peak of GPCR at fractions numbers(29-35). The maximum concentration of GPCR was 9.082 (ng/ml)was observed inthese fractions. The specific activity for these fractions was 151.37 (ng/mg) protein with 6.608 purification folds and39.64 (%) yield. The present study a chive a relatively high purification of GPCR from whole cell of a local strain S.cerevisiae with fold purification 6.608 and a yield of 39.64 % and molecular weight about~33KD.Key words: GPCR purification, S.Cerevisea, whole cel

Genetic Study for G-Protein Coupled Receptor from Saccharomyces Cerervisiae and From Sera of Patients with Heart Thrombosis

Aim of the present study is Identification of specific gene for GPCR using specific primers .and identification of difference in PCR analysis in patients with heart thrombosis  and compared with healthy, Sequencing of PCR product regarding GPCR compared for all three subject, Identification  the similarity of human GPCR with local strain of yeast fifty healthy control and fifty patients with thrombosis which diagnosed medically with cardiac specific troponin t, troponin 1 levels and electro myocardiogram ECG. The aged for all subjects ranged (39-75) years   patients were lying in cardiac care unit at Ibn- al- Nafees teaching hospital and  Sheikh  Zayed  teaching  hospital. Genomic DNA of whole blood was extracted from buffy coat and cell cultured handbook protocol using Bioneer- kit and  Genomic DNA fungus/yeast  kit was used in isolation  and purification of DNA. patients divided  into three  groups according  to their age: group A (60-75) years , group B (50-59) years ,  group C (39-49) years the  results of genomic  DNA  isolation  from blood cells extracted in pure  form which ensured by the absorbance ratio (260/280 ) was (1.6 – 1.9 ) with a concentration of 50µg/ml and one DNA band with high resolution in gel electrophoresis. The result of  genomic DNA extracted from  the local strain of  S. cerevisiae showed that DNA   extracted with  high   purity   because   the  absorbance  ratio  (260 /280 )was (1.7 to 2.0) with a concentration of 60 µg/ml  and presence one DNA band with high resolution  in gel electrophoresis. primers were designed  depending on the sequence of the gene responsible for the production of GPCR on the chromosome 11 , GPCR  contain  three exons which covered  with six primers to detect a defect in gene sequence among. Results of gel electrophoresis are showed that primer  GPRX1 gave one band for (Control , A,B ) groups but absent amplified band in the patient eight and nine from group C. with molecular weight of this band is 1000 bp. The  GPRX2  primer  used to amplify second exon in the GPCR gene ,the molecular weight of amplified bands are  400 bp were present in all control samples and three groups of thrombosis patientsand yeast. GPRX2A primer that designed to amplify  part two from second exon of GPCR gene by PCR gave one band for all samples which include control and patient, the molecular weight of this band is 500 bp. PCR analysis  showed one amplify band for all control and patients group with molecular weight 500 bp  for GPRX3 primer and 400 bp for GPRX3A ,300 bp for GPRX3B. The specific primers which  designed to covering  GPCR gene used to amplification  genomic DNA  of the local strain  S.cerevisiae by PCR technique. Results showed all six primers which gave  one band with difference molecular weight  for each primer. All samples demonstrate identity planned sizes to control and local strain of S. cerevisiae samples except patient number 8 and 9 in the group(C) that  showed non specialist bands in specific primer  with  first  exon (GPRX1) .So the genetic sequence analysis of these two case based on the sequence  of the  remainder exons to detect the genetic defect in these case. The sequence of the first part for the second exon (X2) was identity standard sequence found on the NCBI web site for case( 8). The  case (9) showed  identity with  the sequence present in the human gene bank but some difference in the first of sequence which neglected because it is in the place link of primer. The  results for  case  8  showed some mutation for Exon X2(part2). but case (9) demonstrate one  deletion and one substitution. The results, also, illustrated that the ether48 thrombosis patients didn't appeared any mutation despite the positive results for ( Troponin) that gives strong indication of thrombosis. The conclusion Primer  GPRX1 gave one band for (Control , A,B ) groups but absent amplified band in the patient eight and nine from group C. The molecular weight of this band is 1000 bp. The amplified band with molecular weight 400 bp were present in all control samples and three groups of thrombosis patients with primer GPRX2  and 500 bp with primer GPRX2A.PCR analysis  showed one amplify band for all control and patients group with molecular weight 500 bp for GPRX3 primer.,400 bp with GPRX3A and 300 bp for primer GPRX3B.Similarity between results given by healthy group and local strain of yeast. Genetic study  showed that there are  only two case of  patients  eight and nine demonstrated mutation in nucleic location on exon two and three from GPCR gene Keyword: GPCR, Genetic Study, Saccharomysis  cerevisiae, Patient with Thrombosis

Simultaneous Removal of Calconcarboxylic Acid, NH4+ and PO43− from Pharmaceutical Effluent Using Iron Oxide-Biochar Nanocomposite Loaded with Pseudomonas putida

In the current study, the Fe2O3/biochar nanocomposite was synthesized through a self-assembly method, followed by the immobilization of Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) on its surface to produce the P. putida/Fe2O3/biochar magnetic innovative nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using different techniques including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Then, the efficiencies of this material to remove calconcarboxylic acid (CCA) organic dye, ammonium ions (NH4+), and phosphate ions (PO43−) from industrial wastewater were analyzed. The removal rates of up to 82%, 95%, and 85% were achieved for CCA dye, PO43−, NH4+, respectively, by the synthesized composite. Interestingly, even after 5 cycles of reuse, the prepared nanocomposite remains efficient in the removal of pollutants. Therefore, the P. putida/Fe3O4/biochar composite was found to be an actual talented nanocomposite for industrial wastewater bioremediation

Iron Oxide/Chitosan Magnetic Nanocomposite Immobilized Manganese Peroxidase for Decolorization of Textile Wastewater

Because of its effectiveness in organic pollutant degradation, manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme has attracted significant attention in recent years regarding its use for wastewater treatment. Herein, MnP was extracted from Anthracophyllum discolor fungi and immobilized on the surface of magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4/chitosan. The prepared nanocomposite offered a high surface area for MnP immobilization. The influence of several environmental factors like temperature, pH, as well as storage duration on the activity of the extracted enzyme has been studied. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques were used for the characterization of the prepared MnP/Fe3O4/chitosan nanocomposite. The efficiencies of the prepared MnP/Fe3O4/chitosan nanocomposite for the elimination of reactive orange 16 (RO 16) and methylene blue (MB) industrial dyes were determined. According to the results, the immobilization of MnP on Fe3O4/chitosan nanocomposite increases its capacity to decolorize MB and RO 16. This nanocomposite allowed the removal of 96% ± 2% and 98% ± 2% of MB and RO 16, respectively. The reusability of the synthesized nanocomposite was studied for five successive cycles showing the ability to retain its efficiency even after five cycles. Thus, the prepared MnP/Fe3O4/chitosan nanocomposite has potential to be a promising material for textile wastewater bioremediation

Effective Heavy Metals Removal from Water Using Nanomaterials: A Review

The discharge of toxic heavy metals including zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) in water above the permissible limits causes high threat to the surrounding environment. Because of their toxicity, heavy metals greatly affect the human health and the environment. Recently, better remediation techniques were offered using the nanotechnology and nanomaterials. The attentions were directed toward cost-effective and new fabricated nanomaterials for the application in water/wastewater remediation, such as zeolite, carbonaceous, polymer based, chitosan, ferrite, magnetic, metal oxide, bimetallic, metallic, etc. This review focused on the synthesis and capacity of various nanoadsorbent materials for the elimination of different toxic ions, with discussion of the effect of their functionalization on the adsorption capacity and separation process. Additionally, the effect of various experimental physicochemical factors on heavy metals adsorption, such as ionic strength, initial ion concentration, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH was discussed

Comparative Study of Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazard Parameters of Various Imported Tiles Used for Decoration in Sudan

Various commercially imported ceramic materials used in the building of Sudanese dwellings were examined in order to determine their natural radioactivity and radiological hazard parameters. In this context, twenty-five different consignments were sampled and analyzed using (3″ × 3″) sodium iodide gamma spectrometry system NaI(Tl). The identified average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were 183 ± 70, 51 ± 44, and 238 ± 77 Bq/kg dry-weights, respectively. A positive correlation between 238U and 232Th in the investigated samples was identified from the observed significant correlation (R2 = 0.8). Interestingly, a low Th/U ratio (~0.3) was recorded, which could be related to the systematic loss of thorium during the fabrication process. The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were comparable with the reported data obtained from similar materials used in other countries showing similarity in ceramic materials used in buildings. Five different radiation indices, such as the average radium equivalent (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), the external hazard index (Hex), and the radioactivity level index (lγ), which indicate hazardous radiation, were estimated from these measurements. The obtained results revealed average values of 274 ± 106 Bq/kg, 125 ± 48 nGy/h, 1.23 ± 0.48 mSv/y, 0.74 ± 0.29, and 0.94 ± 0.37, for Raeq, D, AEDE, Hex, and lγ, respectively. The mean values of Raeq and Hex were in good agreement with the international limits, while the means of D and lγ were higher than the universal values. Calculated AEDE in about 60% of the samples exceeded the universal limit of 1 mSv/y for the public exposure (maximum value of 2.16 mSv/y). The investigated parameters were in the same range for the majority of imported samples; however, they were slightly higher than the locally produced ceramic, highlighting the importance of monitoring imported materials for their radioactivity contents