9 research outputs found

    The AMMA mulid network for aerosol characterization in West Africa

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    Three ground based portable low power consumption microlidars (MULID) have been built and deployed at three remote sites in Banizoumbou (Niger), Cinzana (Mali) and M'Bour (Senegal) in the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) project for the characterization of aerosols optical properties. A description of the instrument and a discussion of the data inversion method, including a careful analysis of measurement uncertainties (systematic and statistical errors) are presented. Some case studies of typical lidar profiles observed over the Banizoumbou site during 2006 are shown and discussed with respect to the AERONET 7-day back-trajectories and the biomass burning emissions from the Combustion Emission database for the AMMA campaign

    HEALTH CARE RATIONING AND COST CONTAINMENT ARE NOT SYNONYMOUS

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    Much public discussion about health care assumes, explicitly or implicitly, that only by denial of potentially beneficial care (called "rationing") can cost containment be achieved. This piece critically examines the various current usages of "rationing," and argues that it is being misapplied. Fur- ther, the call for rationing may be deflecting us from fruitful exploration of non-rationing alternatives to cost control. Two of these are briefly sketched as examples: physician fee controls and practice guidelines. Copyright 1989 by The Policy Studies Organization.

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